Arizona K–6 social studies standards

Apply values of respect, responsibility, equality, and fairness within schools and communities.

Follow agreed upon rules for discussions when responding to others and making decisions as a group.

Compare one's own thoughts and opinions with those of others.

Describe roles and responsibilities of people in authority.

Explain how all people, not just official leaders, play important roles in our school and community.

Explain how people work together to identify and solve problems within the classroom and school.

Explain why rules are important within the classroom and school.

Explain how needs, wants, and the availability of resources affect decision making.

Identify what one gains and gives up when they make choices.

Use, explore, and construct maps, graphs and other geographical representations to support content focus.

Explore locations in stories shared.

Explain how water and weather impacts humans.

Compare one’s own culture with the culture of others.

Explain the benefits of cooperation and compromise as ways to solve problems.

Explain and explore origins of key American symbols, traditions and holidays.

Explore the stories of key historical figures through informational text and biographies.

Use a variety of words to reference time in the past, present, and future; identify the beginning, middle, and end of historical stories.

Explore how events of the past affect students’ lives and community

With prompting and support, generate questions about individuals and groups from stories shared.

With prompting and support, compare diverse cultures using primary sources such as photographs, artifacts, and music and secondary sources such as fiction and non-fiction.

With prompting and support, ask questions and construct responses to content studied.

Apply values of respect, responsibility, equality, and fairness as a member of a community.

Follow agreed upon rules for discussions when responding to others and making decisions including consensus building procedures.

Compare one's own thoughts and opinions with others’ perspectives.

Explain the importance of rules and laws in our community.

Explain the role and function of local governments.

Explain how community groups work to accomplish common tasks and fulfill responsibilities.

Identify different occupations and the skills and education needed for those jobs in our community.

Describe reasons to save or spend money.

Explain how needs, wants, and availability of resources affect decision making.

Identify the benefits and costs of making various personal decisions.

Describe the skills, knowledge, and sequence of events required to produce goods and services in our community.

Explain how people in our community earn income.

Explain how people can be producers and consumers in our community.

Use, explore and construct maps, graphs and other geographical representations to support content focus.

Use a grid to locate places.

Compare how human activities affect culture and the environment now and in the past.

Explain why and how people, goods, and ideas move from place to place.

Compare places past and present as it relates to content focus.

Explain how ideas and innovation can contribute to a community by utilizing primary sources (artifacts, photographs, newspapers, speakers) and secondary sources (biographies, stories, articles).

Explain the benefits of cooperation and compromise as ways to resolve conflict in communities past and present.

Explain and explore origins of key American symbols, documents, landmarks, holidays, and leaders as well as their importance from the past to the present in our country.

Draw upon fictional stories, biographies, and non-fiction/informational text to identify historical figures in your community, state, and nation and explain their significance in history and in the present day.

Place important life events in chronological order on a timeline.

Understand how events of the past affect students’ lives and communities.

Generate questions about individuals and groups who have shaped a significant historical change.

Compare diverse cultures using primary sources such as photographs, artifacts, and music and secondary sources such as fiction and non fiction.

Generate questions about issues in your community past and present.

With support identify evidence drawn from multiple sources to answer questions about issues in your community.

With support construct and communicate solutions to issues in your community.

Take group or individual action to help address community issues.

Ask and answer questions about explanations given.

Describe roles and responsibilities of people in authority within our country and world.

Explain how all people, not just official leaders, play important roles in the world.

Explain how people work together to identify and solve problems within our world.

Explain how rules function in public settings.

Identify different occupations and skills needed in a global economy.

Describe reasons to save or spend money.

Identify and describe the goods and services that are produced around the world.

Explain how people around the world earn income.

Explain how people can be producers and consumers in a global economy.

Describe the public services that governments provide and how they meet the needs of individuals.

Illustrate how a country’s resources determine what is produced and traded.

Use and construct maps, graphs, and other geographic representations of familiar and unfamiliar places in the world; and locate physical and human features.

Use maps, globes, and other simple geographic models to identify and explain cultural and environmental characteristics of places in the world based on stories shared.

Explain how weather, climate, and other environmental characteristics affect people’s lives in a place or region being studied.

Describe how human activities affect the communities and the environment of places or regions.

Describe the positive and negative effects of using natural resources.

Explain why and how people, goods, and ideas move from place to place.

Identify different physical and cultural regions in the world.

Explain how individuals can make contributions to a civilization and/or culture in place or region studied.

Using primary and secondary sources, compare civilizations and/or cultures around the world and how they have changed over time in a place or region studied.

Examine developments from the civilization and/or culture in place or region studied.

Generate questions about the institutions and belief systems of different societies.

Create a chronological sequence of multiple events.

Understand how events of the past affect students’ lives and community.

Generate questions about individuals and groups who have shaped a significant historical change.

Compare diverse cultures from around the world using primary sources such as photographs, artifacts, and music and secondary sources such as fiction and non-fiction.

Compare perspectives of people in the past to those today through stories and biographies.

Identify facts and concepts associated with compelling and supporting questions.

Determine and use various kinds of sources to answer compelling and supporting questions.

Generate questions about a source as it relates to an event or development.

Gather relevant information from one or two sources.

Ask and answer questions about explanations and arguments.

Present a summary of an argument or explanation using print, oral, or digital technology.

Generate possible reasons for an event or development.

Select which reasons might be more likely than others to explain an event or development.

Describe civic virtues and democratic principles within a variety of government structures, societies, and/or communities within Arizona.

Use listening, consensus-building, and voting procedures to decide on and act in their classrooms.

Describe the origins, functions, and structure of the Arizona Constitution, local governments, and tribal governments • Key concepts for state government include but are not limited to distinguishing the difference between national and state governments, describing the major responsibilities of each branch, describing the important services state governments provide, describing how state government officials are chosen and who those current officials are, explaining how people can participate in their state governments, explaining why it is important that people participate in their state government, and understanding how state government services are paid for • Key concepts for local governments include but are not limited to distinguishing between state and local governments, knowing services local governments provide such as public safety, public transportation, education, recreation, explain how local government services are provided and paid for, describing how local government officials are chosen and who they are, explaining how people can participate in their local government, and explaining why it is important to participate in their local government • Key concepts for Tribal governments include but are not limited to distinguishing between national, state, local, and tribal governments. understanding the services provided by tribal governments, their organization, and how leaders are chosen •

Describe ways in which people benefit from and are challenged by working together, including through families, school, workplaces,

Describe and discuss industries and occupations that have shaped Arizona.

Identify various forms of earning income in the state of Arizona.

Identify positive and negative incentives that influence financial decisions people make to save and spend money.

Explain how availability of resources affects decision making in Arizona with respect to water and other natural resources.

Describe how Arizona is connected to other states, Mexico, and other nations by movement of people, goods, and ideas.

Use and construct maps and graphs to represent changes in Arizona over time.

Explain how people modify and adapt to the Arizona environment.

Describe the movement of people in and out of Arizona over time.

Describe how Arizona has changed over time.

Utilize a variety of sources to construct a historical narrative exploring Arizona’s cultures, civilizations, and innovations.

Use primary and secondary sources to generate questions about the causes and effects of conflicts and resolutions throughout Arizona’s history.

Examine how individuals and groups have worked together throughout Arizona’s history.

Evaluate how individual rights, freedoms, and responsibilities can vary based on community, state, and nation.

Use primary and secondary sources to analyze the changes that have taken place in Arizona which could include the use of current events.

Create and use a chronological sequence of related events to compare developments that happened at the same time.

Compare life in specific historical time periods to life today.

Generate questions about individuals and groups who have impacted history.

Explain why individuals and groups have different points of view on the same event.

Develop questions about Arizona history, geography, government, and economics.

Distinguish between primary and secondary sources.

Identify and use evidence that draws information from multiple sources to answer compelling questions about Arizona.

Compare information provided by various sources about Arizona.

Generate questions about multiple historical sources.

Construct arguments and explanations using reasoning, examples, and details from sources.

Present summaries of arguments and explanations using print, oral , and digital technologies.

Explain probable causes and effects of events.

Summarize the central claim in a secondary source.

Analyze civic virtues and democratic principles or lack thereof within a variety of government structures, societies, and/or communities within the Americas.

Use primary and secondary sources to generate questions about the concepts and ideas such as liberty, justice, equality, and individual rights.

Examine concepts of scarcity, choice, opportunity cost, and risk.

Compare different industries, occupations, and resources as well as different forms of income earned or received that have shaped the Americas.

Use and construct maps and graphs to represent changes in the Americas over time.

Compare the diverse ways people or groups of people have impacted, modified, or adapted to the environment of the Americas.

Explain how the location and use of resources affects human settlement and movement.

Explain the positive and negative effects of increasing economic interdependence on distinct groups, countries, and new settlements.

Utilizing a variety of multi-genre primary and secondary sources, construct historical narratives about cultures, civilizations, and innovations in the Americas.

Describe the cycles of conflict and compromise that occurred in the Americas during the convergence of Europeans, American Indians, and

Examine how economic, political, and religious ideas and institutions have influenced the development of individual rights, freedoms, and

Create and use a chronological sequence of related events to compare developments that happened at the same time.

Compare life in specific historical time periods to life today.

Generate questions about individuals and groups who have shaped significant historical events.

Explain why individuals and groups during the same historical period differed in their perspectives on issues and events.

Explain connections among historical contexts and people’s perspectives at the time.

Develop questions about events and developments in the Americas.

Compare information provided by different sources about events and developments in the Americas.

Generate questions about multiple sources and their relationships to events and developments in the Americas.

Use information about a source including the author, date, place of origin, intended audience, and purpose to evaluate the extent to which the source is useful for studying a topic.

Construct and present arguments and explanations using reasoning, examples, and details with relevant information and data from multiple sources.

Present summaries of arguments and explanations using print, oral, and digital technologies.

Explain probable causes and effects of events and developments.

Summarize the central claim in a secondary work of history.

Use evidence from multiple sources to develop and communicate claims about the causes and effects of events.

Explain how a republic relies on people’s responsible participation within the context of key historical events pre-American Revolution to Industrialization.

Describe the origins, functions, and structure of the United States Constitution and the three branches of government.

Using primary and secondary sources to examine historical and contemporary means of a changing society through laws and policies in order to address public problems.

Use a range of deliberative and democratic procedures to make decisions about and act on issues and civic problems in their classrooms and schools.

Give examples of financial risks that individuals and households face within the context of the time period studied.

Compare the benefits and costs of individual choices within the context of key historical events.

Develop an understanding of the characteristics of entrepreneurship within a market economy and apply these characteristics to individuals during the time-period studied.

Describe how government decisions on taxation, spending, protections, and regulation affected the national economy during the time-period being studied ●

Analyze how agriculture, new industries, innovative technologies, changes in transportation, and labor impacted the national economy including productivity, supply and demand, and price during the time-period being studied.

Generate questions to explain how trade leads to increasing economic interdependence on different nations.

Use and construct maps and graphs to represent changes in the United States.

Describe how natural and human-caused changes to habitats or climate can impact our world.

Use key historical events with geographic tools to analyze the causes and effects of environmental and technological events on human

Use primary and secondary sources to summarize the causes and effects of conflicts, resolutions, and social movements throughout the

Use primary and secondary sources to describe how diverse groups (racial, ethnic, class, gender, regional, immigrant/migrant) shaped the United States’ multicultural society within the historical timeframe.

Create and use a chronological sequence of related events to compare developments that happened at the same time.

Explain how events of the past affect students’ lives and society.

Generate questions about individuals and groups who have shaped significant historical changes and continuities.

Explain why individuals and groups during the same historical period differed in their perspectives • Key individuals and groups can include but are not limited to a loyalist and patriots, federalist and anti-federalist, Hamilton and Jefferson, abolitionists and slave owners, Abraham Lincoln and John C. Calhoun, southerners and northerners, labor and business, nativists and immigrants, and American Indians and settlers • Key issues and events can include but are not limited to federalism, constitutional interpretation, individual liberties, slavery, Jim Crow Laws and segregation, secession, westward expansion, Indian boarding schools, immigration, Manifest Destiny, worker’s rights, and women’s rights

Develop compelling and supporting questions about the United States that are open to different interpretations.

Use distinctions among fact and opinion to determine the credibility of multiple sources.

Compare information provided by multiple sources about events and developments in the United States.

Infer the intended audience and purpose of a source from information within the source itself.

Use information about a historical source including the author, date, place of origin, intended audience, and purpose to judge the extent to which the source is useful for studying a topic and evaluate the credibility of the source.

Construct and present arguments using claims and evidence from multiple sources.

Construct and present explanations using reasoning, correct sequence, examples and details with relevant information and data.

Explain probable causes and effects of events and developments in United States history from the revolutionary period to the rise of industry and urbanization.

Use evidence to develop a claim about the past.

Summarize the central claim in a secondary source.

Analyze the beliefs, experiences, perspectives, and values that underlie points of view regarding civic issues in the time period and regions studied.

Explain challenges and opportunities people and groups face when solving local, regional, and/or global problems.

Describe and apply civic virtues including deliberative processes that contribute to the common good and democratic principles in school,

Analyze the relationship between education, income, and job opportunities within the context of the time period and region studied.

Give examples of financial risks that individuals and households face within the context of the time period and region studied.

Describe the relationship between various costs and benefits of economic production.

Explain the influence the factors of production have on the manufacture of goods and services within different cultures, regions, and communities.

Analyze the influence of specialization and trade within diverse cultures and communities in regions studied.

Describe the factors that influence trade between countries and cultures.

Explain the effects of increasing economic interdependence within distinct groups.

Use and construct maps, graphs, and other representations to explain relationships between locations of places and regions.

Compare diverse ways people or groups of people have impacted, modified, or adapted to the environment of the Eastern Hemisphere.

Analyze how cultural and environmental characteristics affect the distribution and movement of people, goods, and ideas.

Analyze the influence of location, use of natural resources, catastrophic environmental events, and technological developments on human

Explain why environmental characteristics vary among different world regions.

Describe how natural and human-made catastrophic events and economic activities in one place affect people living in nearby and distant

Compare the development and characteristics of historical cultures and civilizations from different global regions within designated time

Explain the causes and effects of interactions between cultures and civilizations.

Evaluate the causes and effects of conflict and resolution among different societies and cultures.

Analyze the impact of religious, government, and civic groups over time.

Generate questions to examine the similarities and differences between major world religions and the role of religion in the formation of regions and their cultural, political, economic, and social identity.

Explain why communities, states, and nations have different motivations for their choices including individual rights, freedoms, and

Describe how different group identities such as racial, ethnic, class, gender, regional, and immigrant/migration status emerged and contributed to societal and regional development, characteristics, and interactions over time.

Examine ways that historians and social scientists know about the past.

Analyze connections among events and developments in various geographic and cultural contexts.

Classify a series of historical events and developments as examples of change and/or continuity.

Evaluate the significance of past events and their effect on students’ lives and society.

Explain how and why perspectives of people have changed throughout different historical eras.

Analyze how people’s perspective influenced what information is available in the historical sources they created.

Define and frame compelling and supporting questions about issues and events in the time-period and region studied.

Use evidence to develop claims and counterclaims in response to compelling questions in the time period and region studied.

Classify the kinds of historical sources used in secondary interpretations.

Use information about a historical source including the author, date, place of origin, intended audience, and purpose to judge the extent to which the source is useful for studying a topic and evaluate the credibility of the source.

Use questions generated about multiple sources to identify further areas of inquiry and additional sources.

Construct and present arguments using claims and evidence from multiple sources.

Construct and present explanations using reasoning, correct sequence, examples and details with relevant information and data.

Explain the multiple causes and effects of events and developments in the past.

Organize applicable evidence into a coherent argument about the past.