Maryland K–6 technology standards

Model daily processes and follow basic algorithms (step-by-step lists of instructions) to complete tasks.

With guidance, create a set of instructions (programs) to accomplish a task using a programming language, device, or unplugged activity, including sequencing, emphasizing the beginning, middle, and end.

With guidance, create a grade level appropriate document to illustrate thoughts, ideas, or stories in a sequential manner (e.g., storyboard, story map, sequential graphic organizer).

Give attribution to ideas, solutions, and creations of others, verbally, while developing algorithms.

Identify errors in an algorithm that includes sequencing and repeated procedures using a programming language or unplugged activity. Discuss how errors in the algorithm could be corrected.

Use correct terminology (e.g., first, second, etc.) in the development of an algorithm to solve a simple problem.

With guidance, model the way programs store and manipulate gradelevel data by using numbers or other symbols to represent information (e.g., encode or decode words using numbers, pictographs or symbols to letters, words, or direction).

Select and operate the appropriate computing device to perform a variety of different tasks

Identify by name and locate common computing devices and external hardware in a variety of environments, using appropriate technical terminology (e.g., mobile devices, desktop computer, laptop computer, mouse, keyboard, wearables).

With guidance, collect data on a basic topic (e.g., weather, temperature) and present it visually.

With guidance, draw conclusions and make predictions based on picture graphs or patterns (e.g., make predictions based on weather data presented in a picture graph, complete a pattern) with or without a computing device.

Identify that information from our everyday lives can be stored and accessed via computing devices.

Use grade-level appropriate language to identify and describe how people use a variety of technologies and applications in their daily work and personal lives.

Identify appropriate and safe behaviors when participating online.

Keep login information private and log off devices appropriately.

Identify and use passwords and discuss why they are not shared with others.

Recognize that basic computing devices and components can be connected to one another.

Recognize the possibility computing systems might not work as expected and identify basic hardware and software problems using appropriate technical terminology (e.g., monitor turned off, volume decreased on headphones).

Model daily processes and follow basic algorithms (step-by-step lists of instructions) to complete tasks verbally, kinesthetically, via a programming language, or using a device.

With guidance, create programs by using creative expression or problem solving, to accomplish tasks that include sequencing and repetition. Programming languages, robot devices, or unplugged activity can serve as the means

Create a grade-level appropriate document to illustrate thoughts, ideas, or stories in a sequential manner (e.g., storyboard, story map, sequential graphic organizer).

Give attribution to ideas, solutions, and creations of others, verbally, or written, while writing or developing algorithms and programs.

Identify and correct errors (debug) in programs which include sequencing and repetition to accomplish a task, through a variety of techniques and strategies that could include an unplugged activity (e.g., changing order or sequence, following steps, trial and error).

Use correct terminology (e.g., beginning, middle, end, etc.) and explain choices made during the development of an algorithm and/or program to solve a simple problem.

With guidance, model the way programs store and manipulate gradelevel data by using numbers or other symbols to represent information (e.g., encode or decode words using numbers, pictographs or symbols to letters, words, or direction)

Select and operate the appropriate application/software to perform a variety of tasks or obtain a desired outcome.

Identify by name and locate common computing devices and external hardware in a variety of environments, using appropriate technical terminology (e.g., mobile devices, desktop computer, laptop computer, mouse, keyboard, wearables).

With guidance, collect and organize data. Present data effectively in two different ways

With guidance, identify, interpret, and analyze data from a chart or graphical display (visualization) in order to make a prediction, with or without a computing device

Identify, access, modify, and save an existing file with a computing device.

Use grade-level appropriate language to identify and describe how people use a variety of technologies and applications in their daily work and personal lives.

Identify and describe appropriate and inappropriate behaviors when participating online.

Keep login information private and log off devices appropriately.

Recognize what passwords are, why they are used, and why they are not shared.

Recognize that computing devices can be connected through physical or wireless pathways.

Model daily processes by creating and following algorithms (stepby-step lists of instructions) to complete tasks verbally, kinesthetically, via a programming language, or using a device.

Create programs using a programming language, robot device, or unplugged activity that utilize sequencing and repetition to solve a problem or express creative ideas.

With guidance, create a grade level appropriate document to clarify the steps that will be needed to create a sequential program and can be used to check if the program functionality is correct.

Give attribution to ideas, solutions, and creations of others, verbally and written, while writing and developing programs.

Develop and debug programs that include sequencing and repetition to accomplish a task, through the use of a programming language and/or unplugged activity.

Use correct terminology (e.g., debug, program input/output, code, etc.) to explain the development of a program to solve a problem in an unplugged activity, handson manipulative, or programming language.

Model the way programs store and manipulate grade-level data by using numbers or other symbols to represent information (e.g., encode or decode words using numbers, pictographs or symbols to letters, words, or direction).

Compare and discuss preferences for applications/software with the same primary functionality.

Identify internal and external components of a computer system and their basic functions (e.g., hard drive and memory) as well as peripherals (e.g., printers, scanners, external hard drives) and external storage features and their uses (e.g., cloud storage).

Identify and summarize basic troubleshooting techniques to solve basic hardware and software problems (e.g., turning off and on a device to restart, closing and reopening an application/program, turning on speakers).

With guidance, collect, organize, and present the same data in a variety of visual ways (e.g., bar graph, pie chart, table, etc.)

With guidance, collect, organize, present, and analyze data from a chart or graphical display (visualization) in order to make a prediction, with or without a computing device

Create, copy, manipulate, and delete a file on a computing device. Identify the information stored as data

Use grade-level appropriate language to identify and describe how people use a variety of technologies and applications in their daily work and personal lives and the impact of new technologies on daily life.

Develop a code of conduct and explain responsible practices when participating online. Practice the code of conduct and identify and report inappropriate behavior.

Keep login information private and log off devices appropriately.

Identify differences between strong and weak passwords and explain the importance of choosing strong passwords to protect devices and information from unauthorized users.

Recognize that by connecting computing devices together they can share information (e.g., printers, scanners, internet, display devices).

Develop and compare multiple algorithms for the same task.

Create programs using a programming language that includes sequences, loops, conditionals, and variables to solve a problem or express an idea.

Decompose a simple problem into a precise set of sequences instructions.

Modify, remix, or incorporate portions of an existing program into one’s own work, to develop or add more advanced features (grade-level appropriate).

Communicate and explain program development to peers and adults using comments, presentations, and demonstrations.

Use an iterative process to plan the development of a program by including others’ perspectives and considering user preferences while solving simple problems.

Identify instances of remixing, when ideas are borrowed and treated upon, and provide attribution

Analyze and debug an existing program or algorithm that includes sequencing, repetition, and variables in a programming language.

Create programs that use variables to store and modify grade appropriate data.

Identify and troubleshoot, using appropriate technical terminology, simple hardware and software problems that may occur during everyday use, discuss problems with peers and adults (e.g., viruses, malware, versions of software and non-working applications, refresh screen, closing/reopening application, adjusting volume on headphones or speakers).

Collect, organize, and present the same data in a variety of visual formats (e.g., charts, graphs, tables, etc.).

Utilize data to make predictions and discuss whether there are sufficient data to make these predictions and extrapolations.

Recognize that different types of information are stored in different formats that have varying characteristics, which could include associated programs and storage requirements.

Identify potential problems that limit accessibility/usability and how computing devices have built-in features to increase accessibility for all users.

Identify how different technologies created by people from diverse backgrounds have contributed to computing and helped to change the world.

Develop a code of conduct, explain, and practice grade-level appropriate behavior and responsibilities while participating online. Identify and report inappropriate behavior.

Identify how computing devices and computational products have been, or can be, improved by incorporating diverse perspectives.

Introduce intellectual property concepts and identify types of digital data (music, videos, photos) that may have intellectual property rights preventing copying and/or requiring attribution

Discuss basic issues that relate to responsible use of computing devices and describe consequences of inappropriate use in a variety of locations.

Recognize how information is sent and received over physical and wireless pathways.

Develop, compare, and refine multiple algorithms for the same task

Create programs using a programming language that includes sequences, loops, conditionals,, and variables that utilize mathematics operations to manipulate values in order to solve a problem or express an idea.

Decompose a large problem into smaller, manageable sub-problems to facilitate the program development process.

Modify, remix, or incorporate portions of an existing program into one’s own work, to develop or add more advanced features (grade-level appropriate).

Use an iterative process to plan the development if a program by including others’ perspectives and considering user preferences while solving simple problems.

Observe intellectual property rights and give appropriate attribution when creating or remixing programs

Create and debug a program or algorithm that includes sequencing, repetition, and variables in a programming language

Communicate and explain program development to peers and adults using comments, presentations, and demonstrations

Create programs that use variables to store and modify grade-appropriate data.

Describe how internal and external parts of computing devices function to form a system.

Identify and describe a variety of ways computer hardware and software work together as a system to accomplish a task, using appropriate technical terminology (e.g., input, output, processors, sensors, storage).

Identify, using appropriate technical terminology, simple hardware and software problems that may occur during everyday use, discuss problems with peers and adults, and apply various strategies for solving these problems (e.g., rebooting the device, checking the power, forced shutdown of an application, running anti-virus).

Organize and present collected data in a variety of visual formats to emphasize particular aspects or parts of the data set to make interpretation easier.

Discuss the potential accuracy of conclusions and predictions based on the adequacy of the data set (number of data).

Store information in various formats for specific purposes (e.g., file type, file size, file compression).

Summarize how different technologies created by people from diverse backgrounds have contributed to computing and helped to change the world.

Brainstorm solutions to improve accessibility/usability and ways computing could be improved to increase accessibility for all users.

Develop a code of conduct, explain, and practice grade-level appropriate behavior and responsibilities while participating online. Identify and report inappropriate behavior.

Discuss ways existing devices or computational products can be improved by collaborating with peers to gain their diverse perspectives.

Observe intellectual property law and give appropriate credit when using resources.

Identify problems that relate to unsecure networks and inappropriate use of computing devices and potential subsequent consequences

Summarize how information is sent and received over physical and wireless pathways (e.g., information is deconstructed in smaller pieces called packets, transmitted to final destination, and reassembled).

Develop, compare, and refine multiple algorithms for the same task and determine which algorithm is the most appropriate.

Create programs using a programming language that includes sequences, loops, conditionals, event handlers, and variables that utilize mathematics operations to manipulate values in order to solve a problem or express an idea.

Decompose a large problem into smaller, manageable sub-problems and then further into sets of sequenced instructions to facilitate the program development process.

Modify, remix, or incorporate portions of an existing program into one’s own work, to develop or add more advanced features (grade-level appropriate).

Use an iterative process to plan the development of a program by including others’ perspectives and considering user preferences while solving problems.

Observe intellectual property rights and give appropriate attribution when creating or remixing programs

Create, test, and debug a program that includes sequencing, repetition, and variables in a programming language to ensure its runs as intended.

Communicate and explain program development to peers and adults using comments, presentations, and demonstrations.

Create programs that use variables to store and modify grade-appropriate data.

Describe and model how internal and external parts of computing devices function to form a system. Describe how some components rely on others for correct functionality

Model and explain how information flows through hardware and software to accomplish a task.

Identify, using appropriate technical terminology, simple hardware and software problems that may occur during everyday use, discuss problems with peers and adults, apply a variety of strategies for solving these problems, and provide evidence why these strategies did or did not work.

Interpret and communicate data in a variety of visual formats to highlight the relationships among the data to support a claim

Refer to data sets to highlight or propose cause-and-effect relationships, predict outcomes, or communicate ideas.

Convert different types of information into various formats to be used across multiple software/hardware.

Evaluate how different technologies created by people from diverse backgrounds have contributed to computing and helped to change the world.

Develop, test, and refine computational artifacts to improve accessibility and usability for all users.

Develop a code of conduct, explain, and practice grade-level appropriate behavior and responsibilities while participating online. Identify and report inappropriate behavior.

Discuss ways existing computing devices or computational products can be improved by collaborating with outside resources (other gradelevels, businesses) to gain their diverse perspectives.

Discuss personal consequences and social impact of violating intellectual property rights or failing to provide appropriate attribution.

Define personal identifiable information (e.g., digital footprint) and why it should be protected as related to real-world cyber security problems.

Discuss real-world cybersecurity problems and explain how personal information can be protected (e.g., antivirus software, backing up data, strong passwords).

Model how information is deconstructed into packets (smaller pieces), transmitted through multiple devices over the internet and networks, and reassembled at the final destination.

Use an existing algorithm or pseudocode to solve a problem.

Develop secure programs that utilize combinations of loops, conditionals, and the manipulation of variables representing different data types.

Decompose problems and subproblems into parts to facilitate the secure design, implementation, and review of programs.

Identify and use functions within a program to repeat instructions.

Seek and incorporate feedback from team members to refine the solution to a problem.

Incorporate existing code, media, and libraries into original programs from secure sources, and give appropriate attribution.

Test and refine existing and original programs.

Distribute tasks and maintain a project timeline when collaboratively developing computational artifacts.

Document programs in order to make them easier to understand, test, and debug.

Decide when and how to declare and name new variables.

Evaluate existing computing devices and make recommendations for improvements to design based on analysis of personal interactions and how others interact with the devices

Identify ways that hardware and software are combined and work synchronously to collect, store, retrieve, and exchange data.

Troubleshoot problems with computing devices and networked components (e.g. peripherals, routers, cables, etc.).

Collect data using computational tools and transform the data to make it more useful.

Identify relevant data points and use models and simulations to formulate, refine, and test hypotheses.

Identify multiple encoding schemes that can be used to represent the same data.

Identify tradeoffs associated with computing technologies that affect people’s everyday activities and future opportunities (e.g., college acceptances, career choices that include security clearances).

Identify issues of bias and accessibility that occur in the design of existing computing technologies.

Describe and use safe, appropriate, and responsible practices when participating online (e.g., discussion groups, blogs, social networking sites) to maintain a clean record for post-secondary choices that require security clearances and background checks.

Differentiate between appropriate and inappropriate content on the internet, and identify unethical and illegal online behavior and consequences.

Identify existing cybersecurity concerns with the internet, its connected devices (i.e. IoT) and the systems it uses.

Model a simple protocol for transferring information, using packets, across networks and the internet