YourStateStandards

Maryland K–6 technology standards

Maryland writes its own technology standards. They are published as Maryland's K-12 Computer Science Standards, adopted 2018 and are not a version of a national framework. 134 of 140 are matched to a national standard.

CSTA-adapted, adopted by the Maryland State Board of Education October 2018. 141 rows verified by token coverage (141/141 effective) against MSDE's own K-12 CS Standards document; 4 CSP 'Not addressed at this level' phantom rows excluded via manifest excludeCodes.

Framework
Maryland's K-12 Computer Science Standards
Adopted
2018
Source last checked
July 24, 2026
Read the official document

140 standards, kindergarten through 6th grade

  • K.AP.A.01K
    Model daily processes and follow basic algorithms (step-by-step lists of instructions) to complete tasks.
  • K.AP.C.01K
    With guidance, create a set of instructions (programs) to accomplish a task using a programming language, device, or unplugged activity, including sequencing, emphasizing the beginning, middle, and end.
  • K.AP.PD.01K
    With guidance, create a grade level appropriate document to illustrate thoughts, ideas, or stories in a sequential manner (e.g., storyboard, story map, sequential graphic organizer).
  • K.AP.PD.02K
    Give attribution to ideas, solutions, and creations of others, verbally, while developing algorithms.
  • K.AP.PD.03K
    Identify errors in an algorithm that includes sequencing and repeated procedures using a programming language or unplugged activity. Discuss how errors in the algorithm could be corrected.
  • K.AP.PD.04K
    Use correct terminology (e.g., first, second, etc.) in the development of an algorithm to solve a simple problem.
  • K.AP.V.01K
    With guidance, model the way programs store and manipulate gradelevel data by using numbers or other symbols to represent information (e.g., encode or decode words using numbers, pictographs or symbols to letters, words, or direction).
  • K.CS.D.01K
    Select and operate the appropriate computing device to perform a variety of different tasks
  • K.CS.HS.01K
    Identify by name and locate common computing devices and external hardware in a variety of environments, using appropriate technical terminology (e.g., mobile devices, desktop computer, laptop computer, mouse, keyboard, wearables).
  • K.DA.CVT.01K
    With guidance, collect data on a basic topic (e.g., weather, temperature) and present it visually.
  • K.DA.IM.01K
    With guidance, draw conclusions and make predictions based on picture graphs or patterns (e.g., make predictions based on weather data presented in a picture graph, complete a pattern) with or without a computing device.
  • K.DA.S.01K
    Identify that information from our everyday lives can be stored and accessed via computing devices.
  • K.IC.C.01K
    Use grade-level appropriate language to identify and describe how people use a variety of technologies and applications in their daily work and personal lives.
  • K.IC.SI.01K
    Identify appropriate and safe behaviors when participating online.
  • K.IC.SLE.01K
    Keep login information private and log off devices appropriately.
  • K.NI.C.01K
    Identify and use passwords and discuss why they are not shared with others.
  • K.NI.NCO.01K
    Recognize that basic computing devices and components can be connected to one another.
  • K.CS.T.01K–1
    Recognize the possibility computing systems might not work as expected and identify basic hardware and software problems using appropriate technical terminology (e.g., monitor turned off, volume decreased on headphones).
  • 1.AP.A.011
    Model daily processes and follow basic algorithms (step-by-step lists of instructions) to complete tasks verbally, kinesthetically, via a programming language, or using a device.
  • 1.AP.C.011
    With guidance, create programs by using creative expression or problem solving, to accomplish tasks that include sequencing and repetition. Programming languages, robot devices, or unplugged activity can serve as the means
  • 1.AP.PD.011
    Create a grade-level appropriate document to illustrate thoughts, ideas, or stories in a sequential manner (e.g., storyboard, story map, sequential graphic organizer).
  • 1.AP.PD.021
    Give attribution to ideas, solutions, and creations of others, verbally, or written, while writing or developing algorithms and programs.
  • 1.AP.PD.031
    Identify and correct errors (debug) in programs which include sequencing and repetition to accomplish a task, through a variety of techniques and strategies that could include an unplugged activity (e.g., changing order or sequence, following steps, trial and error).
  • 1.AP.PD.041
    Use correct terminology (e.g., beginning, middle, end, etc.) and explain choices made during the development of an algorithm and/or program to solve a simple problem.
  • 1.AP.V.011
    With guidance, model the way programs store and manipulate gradelevel data by using numbers or other symbols to represent information (e.g., encode or decode words using numbers, pictographs or symbols to letters, words, or direction)
  • 1.CS.D.011
    Select and operate the appropriate application/software to perform a variety of tasks or obtain a desired outcome.
  • 1.CS.HS.011
    Identify by name and locate common computing devices and external hardware in a variety of environments, using appropriate technical terminology (e.g., mobile devices, desktop computer, laptop computer, mouse, keyboard, wearables).
  • 1.DA.CVT.011
    With guidance, collect and organize data. Present data effectively in two different ways
  • 1.DA.IM.011
    With guidance, identify, interpret, and analyze data from a chart or graphical display (visualization) in order to make a prediction, with or without a computing device
  • 1.DA.S.011
    Identify, access, modify, and save an existing file with a computing device.
  • 1.IC.C.011
    Use grade-level appropriate language to identify and describe how people use a variety of technologies and applications in their daily work and personal lives.
  • 1.IC.SI.011
    Identify and describe appropriate and inappropriate behaviors when participating online.
  • 1.IC.SLE.011
    Keep login information private and log off devices appropriately.
  • 1.NI.C.011
    Recognize what passwords are, why they are used, and why they are not shared.
  • 1.NI.NCO.011
    Recognize that computing devices can be connected through physical or wireless pathways.
  • 2.AP.A.012
    Model daily processes by creating and following algorithms (stepby-step lists of instructions) to complete tasks verbally, kinesthetically, via a programming language, or using a device.
  • 2.AP.C.012
    Create programs using a programming language, robot device, or unplugged activity that utilize sequencing and repetition to solve a problem or express creative ideas.
  • 2.AP.PD.012
    With guidance, create a grade level appropriate document to clarify the steps that will be needed to create a sequential program and can be used to check if the program functionality is correct.
  • 2.AP.PD.022
    Give attribution to ideas, solutions, and creations of others, verbally and written, while writing and developing programs.
  • 2.AP.PD.032
    Develop and debug programs that include sequencing and repetition to accomplish a task, through the use of a programming language and/or unplugged activity.
  • 2.AP.PD.042
    Use correct terminology (e.g., debug, program input/output, code, etc.) to explain the development of a program to solve a problem in an unplugged activity, handson manipulative, or programming language.
  • 2.AP.V.012
    Model the way programs store and manipulate grade-level data by using numbers or other symbols to represent information (e.g., encode or decode words using numbers, pictographs or symbols to letters, words, or direction).
  • 2.CS.D.012
    Compare and discuss preferences for applications/software with the same primary functionality.
  • 2.CS.HS.012
    Identify internal and external components of a computer system and their basic functions (e.g., hard drive and memory) as well as peripherals (e.g., printers, scanners, external hard drives) and external storage features and their uses (e.g., cloud storage).
  • 2.CS.T.012
    Identify and summarize basic troubleshooting techniques to solve basic hardware and software problems (e.g., turning off and on a device to restart, closing and reopening an application/program, turning on speakers).
  • 2.DA.CVT.012
    With guidance, collect, organize, and present the same data in a variety of visual ways (e.g., bar graph, pie chart, table, etc.)
  • 2.DA.IM.012
    With guidance, collect, organize, present, and analyze data from a chart or graphical display (visualization) in order to make a prediction, with or without a computing device
  • 2.DA.S.012
    Create, copy, manipulate, and delete a file on a computing device. Identify the information stored as data
  • 2.IC.C.012
    Use grade-level appropriate language to identify and describe how people use a variety of technologies and applications in their daily work and personal lives and the impact of new technologies on daily life.
  • 2.IC.SI.012
    Develop a code of conduct and explain responsible practices when participating online. Practice the code of conduct and identify and report inappropriate behavior.
  • 2.IC.SLE.012
    Keep login information private and log off devices appropriately.
  • 2.NI.C.012
    Identify differences between strong and weak passwords and explain the importance of choosing strong passwords to protect devices and information from unauthorized users.
  • 2.NI.NCO.012
    Recognize that by connecting computing devices together they can share information (e.g., printers, scanners, internet, display devices).
  • 3.AP.A.013
    Develop and compare multiple algorithms for the same task.
  • 3.AP.C.013
    Create programs using a programming language that includes sequences, loops, conditionals, and variables to solve a problem or express an idea.
  • 3.AP.M.013
    Decompose a simple problem into a precise set of sequences instructions.
  • 3.AP.M.023
    Modify, remix, or incorporate portions of an existing program into one’s own work, to develop or add more advanced features (grade-level appropriate).
  • 3.AP.PD.03
    Communicate and explain program development to peers and adults using comments, presentations, and demonstrations.
  • 3.AP.PD.013
    Use an iterative process to plan the development of a program by including others’ perspectives and considering user preferences while solving simple problems.
  • 3.AP.PD.023
    Identify instances of remixing, when ideas are borrowed and treated upon, and provide attribution
  • 3.AP.PD.033
    Analyze and debug an existing program or algorithm that includes sequencing, repetition, and variables in a programming language.
  • 3.AP.V.013
    Create programs that use variables to store and modify grade appropriate data.
  • 3.CS.D.013
    Identify and troubleshoot, using appropriate technical terminology, simple hardware and software problems that may occur during everyday use, discuss problems with peers and adults (e.g., viruses, malware, versions of software and non-working applications, refresh screen, closing/reopening application, adjusting volume on headphones or speakers).
  • 3.DA.CVT.013
    Collect, organize, and present the same data in a variety of visual formats (e.g., charts, graphs, tables, etc.).
  • 3.DA.IM.013
    Utilize data to make predictions and discuss whether there are sufficient data to make these predictions and extrapolations.
  • 3.DA.S.013
    Recognize that different types of information are stored in different formats that have varying characteristics, which could include associated programs and storage requirements.
  • 3.IC.C.03
    Identify potential problems that limit accessibility/usability and how computing devices have built-in features to increase accessibility for all users.
  • 3.IC.C.013
    Identify how different technologies created by people from diverse backgrounds have contributed to computing and helped to change the world.
  • 3.IC.SI.013
    Develop a code of conduct, explain, and practice grade-level appropriate behavior and responsibilities while participating online. Identify and report inappropriate behavior.
  • 3.IC.SI.023
    Identify how computing devices and computational products have been, or can be, improved by incorporating diverse perspectives.
  • 3.IC.SLE.013
    Introduce intellectual property concepts and identify types of digital data (music, videos, photos) that may have intellectual property rights preventing copying and/or requiring attribution
  • 3.NI.C.013
    Discuss basic issues that relate to responsible use of computing devices and describe consequences of inappropriate use in a variety of locations.
  • 3.NI.NCO.013
    Recognize how information is sent and received over physical and wireless pathways.
  • 4.AP.A.014
    Develop, compare, and refine multiple algorithms for the same task
  • 4.AP.C.014
    Create programs using a programming language that includes sequences, loops, conditionals,, and variables that utilize mathematics operations to manipulate values in order to solve a problem or express an idea.
  • 4.AP.M.014
    Decompose a large problem into smaller, manageable sub-problems to facilitate the program development process.
  • 4.AP.M.024
    Modify, remix, or incorporate portions of an existing program into one’s own work, to develop or add more advanced features (grade-level appropriate).
  • 4.AP.PD.014
    Use an iterative process to plan the development if a program by including others’ perspectives and considering user preferences while solving simple problems.
  • 4.AP.PD.024
    Observe intellectual property rights and give appropriate attribution when creating or remixing programs
  • 4.AP.PD.034
    Create and debug a program or algorithm that includes sequencing, repetition, and variables in a programming language
  • 4.AP.PD.044
    Communicate and explain program development to peers and adults using comments, presentations, and demonstrations
  • 4.AP.V.014
    Create programs that use variables to store and modify grade-appropriate data.
  • 4.CS.D.014
    Describe how internal and external parts of computing devices function to form a system.
  • 4.CS.HS.014
    Identify and describe a variety of ways computer hardware and software work together as a system to accomplish a task, using appropriate technical terminology (e.g., input, output, processors, sensors, storage).
  • 4.CS.T.014
    Identify, using appropriate technical terminology, simple hardware and software problems that may occur during everyday use, discuss problems with peers and adults, and apply various strategies for solving these problems (e.g., rebooting the device, checking the power, forced shutdown of an application, running anti-virus).
  • 4.DA.CVT.014
    Organize and present collected data in a variety of visual formats to emphasize particular aspects or parts of the data set to make interpretation easier.
  • 4.DA.IM.014
    Discuss the potential accuracy of conclusions and predictions based on the adequacy of the data set (number of data).
  • 4.DA.S.014
    Store information in various formats for specific purposes (e.g., file type, file size, file compression).
  • 4.IC.C.014
    Summarize how different technologies created by people from diverse backgrounds have contributed to computing and helped to change the world.
  • 4.IC.C.024
    Brainstorm solutions to improve accessibility/usability and ways computing could be improved to increase accessibility for all users.
  • 4.IC.SI.014
    Develop a code of conduct, explain, and practice grade-level appropriate behavior and responsibilities while participating online. Identify and report inappropriate behavior.
  • 4.IC.SI.024
    Discuss ways existing devices or computational products can be improved by collaborating with peers to gain their diverse perspectives.
  • 4.IC.SLE.014
    Observe intellectual property law and give appropriate credit when using resources.
  • 4.NI.C.014
    Identify problems that relate to unsecure networks and inappropriate use of computing devices and potential subsequent consequences
  • 4.NI.NCO.014
    Summarize how information is sent and received over physical and wireless pathways (e.g., information is deconstructed in smaller pieces called packets, transmitted to final destination, and reassembled).
  • 5.AP.A.015
    Develop, compare, and refine multiple algorithms for the same task and determine which algorithm is the most appropriate.
  • 5.AP.C.015
    Create programs using a programming language that includes sequences, loops, conditionals, event handlers, and variables that utilize mathematics operations to manipulate values in order to solve a problem or express an idea.
  • 5.AP.M.015
    Decompose a large problem into smaller, manageable sub-problems and then further into sets of sequenced instructions to facilitate the program development process.
  • 5.AP.M.025
    Modify, remix, or incorporate portions of an existing program into one’s own work, to develop or add more advanced features (grade-level appropriate).
  • 5.AP.PD.015
    Use an iterative process to plan the development of a program by including others’ perspectives and considering user preferences while solving problems.
  • 5.AP.PD.025
    Observe intellectual property rights and give appropriate attribution when creating or remixing programs
  • 5.AP.PD.035
    Create, test, and debug a program that includes sequencing, repetition, and variables in a programming language to ensure its runs as intended.
  • 5.AP.PD.045
    Communicate and explain program development to peers and adults using comments, presentations, and demonstrations.
  • 5.AP.V.015
    Create programs that use variables to store and modify grade-appropriate data.
  • 5.CS.D.015
    Describe and model how internal and external parts of computing devices function to form a system. Describe how some components rely on others for correct functionality
  • 5.CS.HS.015
    Model and explain how information flows through hardware and software to accomplish a task.
  • 5.CS.T.015
    Identify, using appropriate technical terminology, simple hardware and software problems that may occur during everyday use, discuss problems with peers and adults, apply a variety of strategies for solving these problems, and provide evidence why these strategies did or did not work.
  • 5.DA.CVT.015
    Interpret and communicate data in a variety of visual formats to highlight the relationships among the data to support a claim
  • 5.DA.IM.015
    Refer to data sets to highlight or propose cause-and-effect relationships, predict outcomes, or communicate ideas.
  • 5.DA.S.015
    Convert different types of information into various formats to be used across multiple software/hardware.
  • 5.IC.C.015
    Evaluate how different technologies created by people from diverse backgrounds have contributed to computing and helped to change the world.
  • 5.IC.C.025
    Develop, test, and refine computational artifacts to improve accessibility and usability for all users.
  • 5.IC.SI.015
    Develop a code of conduct, explain, and practice grade-level appropriate behavior and responsibilities while participating online. Identify and report inappropriate behavior.
  • 5.IC.SI.025
    Discuss ways existing computing devices or computational products can be improved by collaborating with outside resources (other gradelevels, businesses) to gain their diverse perspectives.
  • 5.IC.SLE.015
    Discuss personal consequences and social impact of violating intellectual property rights or failing to provide appropriate attribution.
  • 5.NI.C.015
    Define personal identifiable information (e.g., digital footprint) and why it should be protected as related to real-world cyber security problems.
  • 5.NI.C.025
    Discuss real-world cybersecurity problems and explain how personal information can be protected (e.g., antivirus software, backing up data, strong passwords).
  • 5.NI.NCO.015
    Model how information is deconstructed into packets (smaller pieces), transmitted through multiple devices over the internet and networks, and reassembled at the final destination.
  • 6.AP.A.016
    Use an existing algorithm or pseudocode to solve a problem.
  • 6.AP.C.016
    Develop secure programs that utilize combinations of loops, conditionals, and the manipulation of variables representing different data types.
  • 6.AP.M.016
    Decompose problems and subproblems into parts to facilitate the secure design, implementation, and review of programs.
  • 6.AP.M.026
    Identify and use functions within a program to repeat instructions.
  • 6.AP.PD.016
    Seek and incorporate feedback from team members to refine the solution to a problem.
  • 6.AP.PD.026
    Incorporate existing code, media, and libraries into original programs from secure sources, and give appropriate attribution.
  • 6.AP.PD.036
    Test and refine existing and original programs.
  • 6.AP.PD.046
    Distribute tasks and maintain a project timeline when collaboratively developing computational artifacts.
  • 6.AP.PD.056
    Document programs in order to make them easier to understand, test, and debug.
  • 6.AP.V.016
    Decide when and how to declare and name new variables.
  • 6.CS.D.016
    Evaluate existing computing devices and make recommendations for improvements to design based on analysis of personal interactions and how others interact with the devices
  • 6.CS.HS.016
    Identify ways that hardware and software are combined and work synchronously to collect, store, retrieve, and exchange data.
  • 6.CS.T.016
    Troubleshoot problems with computing devices and networked components (e.g. peripherals, routers, cables, etc.).
  • 6.DA.CVT.016
    Collect data using computational tools and transform the data to make it more useful.
  • 6.DA.IM.016
    Identify relevant data points and use models and simulations to formulate, refine, and test hypotheses.
  • 6.DA.S.016
    Identify multiple encoding schemes that can be used to represent the same data.
  • 6.IC.C.016
    Identify tradeoffs associated with computing technologies that affect people’s everyday activities and future opportunities (e.g., college acceptances, career choices that include security clearances).
  • 6.IC.C.026
    Identify issues of bias and accessibility that occur in the design of existing computing technologies.
  • 6.IC.SI.016
    Describe and use safe, appropriate, and responsible practices when participating online (e.g., discussion groups, blogs, social networking sites) to maintain a clean record for post-secondary choices that require security clearances and background checks.
  • 6.IC.SLE.016
    Differentiate between appropriate and inappropriate content on the internet, and identify unethical and illegal online behavior and consequences.
  • 6.NI.C.016
    Identify existing cybersecurity concerns with the internet, its connected devices (i.e. IoT) and the systems it uses.
  • 6.NI.NCO.016
    Model a simple protocol for transferring information, using packets, across networks and the internet

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