Missouri K–6 english language arts standards

Identify naming words (nouns) and action words (verbs).

Use plural nouns when speaking.

Express time and space.

Demonstrate the use of complete sentences in shared language activities.

Use question words in sentences.

Print in upper and lower case letters.

Recognize that a sentence ends with punctuation marks.

Capitalize own first and last name.

Capitalize first word in a sentence.

Capitalize the pronoun I.

Write and name the printed letters that match the sound.

Use inventive spelling with beginning, final, and medial sounds.

Write and name letters for consonant and vowel sounds.

Use correct spelling of own first and last names.

Predicting what might happen next in a text based on the cover, title, and illustrations.

Asking and responding to questions about texts read aloud.

Retelling main ideas or important facts from a read aloud or familiar story.

Connecting the information and events of a text to experiences.

Recognizing beginning, middle, and end.

Identifying and sorting pictures of objects into conceptual categories.

Demonstrating understanding of opposites (antonyms).

Distinguishing meaning between verbs describing the same action.

Using a picture dictionary to find words.

Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to and responding to texts.

Text to self (text ideas and own experiences).

Text to text (text ideas including similarities and differences in fiction and nonfiction).

Engaging with text as developmentally appropriate.

Identify elements of a story, including setting, character, and key events.

Retell a main event from a stories read aloud and familiar stories.

Recognize sensory details and reoccurring phrases.

Recognize different types of texts.

Name author and illustrator of a story and describe how each is telling the story.

Compare and contrast adventures of characters in familiar stories.

Ask and answer questions about unknown words in text.

Respond to rhythm and rhyme through identifying a regular beat and similarities in word sounds.

Identify characters in a puppet play or performance by actors.

Identify the topic and details in an expository text heard and/or read referring to the words and/or illustrations.

Use titles and illustrations to make predictions about text.

Identify text features.

Identify the meaning of environmental print.

Respond to examples of sensory details.

Ask and answer questions to clarify meaning.

Identify basic similarities and differences between two texts on the same topic.

Name the main topic and recall key details of the text.

Ask and answer questions about unknown words in a text.

Identifying different forms of media.

Identifying techniques used in media.

Identifying all upper and lower case letters.

Sequencing the letters of the alphabet.

Demonstrating books are read left to right, top to bottom.

Demonstrating that written words are made up of different letters.

Knowing that a sentence is comprised of a group of words separated by spaces.

Demonstrating one-to-one correspondence between spoken words and written words.

Identifying sounds in spoken words.

Producing rhymes in response to spoken words.

Distinguishing orally presented rhyming pairs of words from non-rhyming pairs.

Recognizing spoken alliteration or groups of words that begin with the same onset or initial sound.

Blending spoken onsets and rimes to form simple words.

Blending spoken phonemes to form one syllable words.

Isolating the initial, medial and final sounds in spoken words.

Segmenting spoken words into 2 or 3 phonemes.

Producing and writing letter(s) for most short vowel and consonant sounds.

Reading high frequency words.

Blending letter sounds to decode simple words.

Recognizing that new words can be created when letters are changed, added, or deleted and using letter sound knowledge to write simple messages and words.

Read with support, appropriate texts with purpose and understanding.

Following classroom listening rules.

Continue a conversation through multiple exchanges.

Following one-step instructions, according to classroom expectations.

Demonstrating active listening, according to classroom expectations.

Taking turns speaking, according to classroom expectations.

Continue a conversation through multiple exchanges.

Confirming comprehension by retelling information and asking appropriate questions based on read-alouds or other media.

Describing personal experiences using a prop, picture, or other visual aide.

Speaking in complete sentences.

Using pictures, oral language or written letters and/or words.

Sequencing the actions or details through letters, words, and pictures.

Respond to questions and suggestions, adding details to strengthen writing.

Edit by leaving spaces between words in a sentence.

Explore a variety of conventional/digital tools to produce and publish writing.

Use a combination of drawing and/or writing to tell an opinion about a topic or text being studied.

Give logical reasons for suggesting that others follow a particular course of action or line of thinking.

Use words that are related to the topic.

Use a combination of drawing and/or writing to name and inform about a topic or a text they are learning in school.

Use words that are related to the topic.

Use a combination of drawing and/or writing to narrate a story or experience the student has had or has imagined.

Tell the reader about a character or personal event.

Place events in the order they occurred.

Use words that are related to the topic.

Provide a reaction to what happened in the events.

Generate a list of open-ended questions about topics of class interest.

Decide what sources or people in the classroom, school, library, or home can answer their questions.

Gather evidence from sources.

Use pictures in conjunction with writing when documenting research.

Use nouns and action verbs that designate past, present, and future in sentences.

Use adjectives/adverbs in sentences.

Use the conjunctions and, but, and so in sentences.

Use the articles a, an, and the in sentences.

Use common prepositions.

Use common pronouns.

Produce complete simple and compound sentences.

Print legibly, using correct spacing between words and sentences.

Use ending punctuation.

Capitalize the first letter of others' first and last names.

Use commas to separate single words in a series.

Spell words using regular spelling patterns.

Spell words phonetically using phonemic awareness and spelling knowledge.

Arrange appropriate words in alphabetical order, to the first letter.

Predicting what will happen next using prior knowledge.

Asking and responding to relevant questions.

Seeking clarification and locating facts and details about stories and other texts.

Retelling main ideas in sequence including key details.

Recognizing beginning, middle, and end.

Monitoring comprehension and making corrections and adjustments when that understanding breaks down.

Use common affixes to figure out the meaning of a word.

Identify common root words and their inflectional endings.

Identifying words that name actions and words that name persons, places, or things.

Recognizing that compound words are made up or shorter words.

Determining what words mean from how they are used in context of a sentence either heard or read.

Sorting words into conceptual categories.

Distinguishing shade of meaning among verbs and adjectives.

Locating words in a dictionary.

Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to and responding to texts.

Text to text (text ideas including similarities and differences in fiction and nonfiction).

Engaging with and reading text that is developmentally appropriate.

Producing evidence of reading.

Describe characters, setting, problem, solution and events in logical sequences.

Describe the main idea of a story.

Describe sensory details.

Explain recurring phrases and why they are used.

Explain the actions of the main character and the reason for those act ions.

Identify who is telling the story.

Compare and contrast adventures and experiences of characters in stories.

Use rhythm, rhyme and alliteration through identifying a regular beat and similarities in word sounds.

Identify characters and dialogue in plays or performances by actors.

Recognize sensory details in literary texts.

Use text features to restate the main idea.

Explain facts or details using text features and distinguish between what facts were provided by pictures and what facts were conveyed by words.

Use text features to locate specific information in text.

Follow written multi-step directions with picture cues to assist with understanding.

Distinguish between fiction and nonfiction.

Identify examples of sensory details.

Ask and answer questions to clarify meaning.

Identify main ideas and provide supporting details.

Describe the connection between two individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information in a text.

Identify the reasons an author gives to support points in a text.

Identify similarities and differences between texts on the same topic.

Distinguishing purposes of media.

Explaining techniques used in media.

Recognizing that sentences are comprised of words separated by spaces.

Recognizing the distinguishing features of a sentence.

Producing and identifying sounds and syllables in spoken words.

Distinguishing between long and short vowel sounds.

Recognizing the change in a spoken word when a specific phoneme is added, changed, or removed.

Blending spoken phonemes to form 1 or 2 syllable words including consonant blends.

Segmenting spoken words of 3 – 5 phonemes into individual phonemes.

Decoding words in context by using letter sound knowledge for single letters.

Identifying letters for the spelling of short and long vowels.

Producing consonant blends.

Producing consonant digraphs.

Combining sounds from letters and common spelling patterns to create and decode recognizable words.

Using syllabication patterns to decode words.

Read irregularly spelled words.

Reading root words with inflectional endings.

Reading contractions and compound words.

Reading high frequency words.

Demonstrating decoding skills when reading.

Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary.

Following classroom listening rules.

Build on others' talk in conversations by responding to the comments of others.

Following two-step instructions, according to classroom expectations.

Demonstrating active listening, according to classroom expectations.

Taking turns speaking, according to classroom expectations.

Build on others' talk in conversations by responding to comments of others.

Confirming comprehension of read-alouds and other media by retelling and asking appropriate questions.

Explaining a topic (student-chosen), using a prop, picture, or other visual aid to show understanding.

Reciting poetry with a group or individually.

Using complete sentences, adjusting volume, as needed.

Brainstorming and recording key ideas.

Sequencing ideas into sentences and stay on topic throughout the text.

Generating evidence of a simple opening and simple closing.

Respond to questions and suggestions, clarifying meaning by adding details to sentence construction and strengthening writing.

Edit by leaving spaces between words in sentences.

Edit for language conventions.

Use a variety of conventional/digital tools to produce and publish writing.

Introduce a topic or text being studied.

State an opinion about the topic or text and provide a reason for the opinion.

Use some specific words that are related to the topic.

Follow a sense of order in writing.

Provide some sense of closure.

Introduce a topic or text being studied and supply facts.

Use some specific words that are related to the topic.

Follow a sense of order in writing.

Create some sense of closure.

Narrate a story or experience.

Use details to describe the story or experience.

Place events in the order they occurred.

Use linking words to indicate beginning/middle/end.

Use words that are related to the topic.

Provide a reaction to what happened in the events.

Generate a list of open-ended questions about topics of interest.

Decide what sources of information might be relevant to answer these questions.

Gather personal and natural evidence from available sources, as well as from interviews with local experts.

Organize information found during group or individual research, using graphic organizers or other aids.

Make informal presentations of information gathered.

Self-evaluate using previously established teacher/student criteria.

Use nouns and pronouns in writing.

Use collective nouns.

Use common irregular nouns.

Use reflexive pronouns.

Use regular verbs.

Produce simple declarative, imperative, exclamatory, and interrogative sentences.

Use adjectives and adverbs in sentences.

Use helping verbs with regular verbs.

Write legibly (print, cursive).

Use dialogue that contains quotation marks.

Use apostrophes for contractions.

Capitalize weeks, days, months, holidays.

Capitalize abbreviated titles of people.

Spell words using irregular spelling patterns.

Spell and use the plural of appropriate nouns by adding –es to nouns ending in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, or -x.

Use nouns that change their spelling in plural form.

Arrange words in alphabetical order to the second letter.

Using text features to make and confirm predictions, or explain why not confirmed.

Asking and responding to relevant questions.

Seeking clarification and using information/facts and details about texts and supporting answers with evidence from text.

Retelling a story's beginning, middle, and end and determining their central message, lesson or moral.

Monitoring comprehension and making corrections and adjustments when understanding breaks down.

Using prefixes, root words, and suffixes to determine the meaning of words.

Using knowledge of the meaning of individual words to determine the meaning of compound words.

Using context to determine the meaning of a new word or multiple-meaning word in text.

Using antonyms and synonyms.

Locating words in a dictionary or glossary to determine or clarify the meaning of words or phrases.

Distinguishing meaning among closely related verbs and adjectives.

Recognizing that some words have literal and non-literal meanings.

Using conversational, general academic, and domain-specific words and phrases.

Text to text (text ideas including similarities and differences in in information and relationships in fiction and nonfiction).

Text to world (text ideas to experiences in the world).

Reading text that is developmentally appropriate.

Producing evidence of reading.

Describe setting, problems, solutions (plot), sequence of events, and the big idea, moral or lesson.

Describe main characters in works of fiction, including their traits, motivations, and feelings.

Compare and contrast different versions of the same story with respect to their characters, settings, and sequence of events.

Describe cause and effect relationships.

Explain how the story changes based on who is telling the story.

Compare and contrast the differences in points of view of characters and how stories are narrated.

Describe how rhyme, rhythm, and repetition create imagery in poetry.

Use onomatopoeia.

Identify characters, setting, acts, and scenes in plays.

Identify the elements of dialogue and use them in informal plays.

Identify the main idea of sections of text and distinguish it from the topic.

Demonstrate understanding by locating facts to answer and/or ask questions.

Use text features to locate specific information.

Explain common graphic features to assist in the interpretation of text.

Follow written multi-step directions.

Describe connections between and state the order of the events or ideas.

Explain why a text is fiction or nonfiction.

Ask and answer questions to clarify meaning.

Explain examples of sensory details.

Explain main ideas and supporting details.

Describe the connection between events and retell sequence of events.

Describe the connection between and identify problems and solutions.

Identify the author's purpose.

Compare and contrast the most important points presented by text on the same topic.

Explaining purposes of media.

Describing techniques used to create media messages.

Identifying various written conventions for using digital media.

Understanding that sentences are organized into paragraphs to convey meaning.

No expectations for grade 2.

Decoding multisyllabic words in context by applying common letter-sound correspondences including: single letters, consonant blends , consonant and vowel digraphs and vowel diphthongs.

Distinguishing long and short vowels when reading regularly spelled one syllable words.

Decoding regularly spelled two syllable words with long vowels.

Decoding words with vowel diphthongs.

Decoding words with vowel digraphs.

Reading words with common prefixes and suffixes.

Using contractions.

Using common syllable patterns to decode words including r-controlled vowels.

Reading irregularly spelled high-frequency words.

Demonstrating decoding skills when reading new words in a text.

Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary.

Following classroom listening rules.

Following three-step instructions according to classroom expectations.

Demonstrating active listening, according to classroom expectations.

Taking turns in discussion with a shoulder partner, according to classroom expectations.

Confirming comprehension of read-alouds and independent reading by retelling and asking appropriate questions.

Explaining a topic (student-chosen or teacher-assigned), while maintaining eye contact with audience.

Recalling and telling a story with details, including a beginning, middle, and end.

Using academic language and conventions.

Brainstorming and recording key ideas using a graphic organizer.

Sequencing ideas into clear and coherent sentences.

Generating paragraphs with one main idea.

Creating evidence of a beginning, middle and end.

Addressing an appropriate audiences.

Strengthen writing as needed by revising <ul><li>main idea</li><li>details</li><li>word choice</li> <li>sentence construction</li> <li>event order</li> <li>audience</li> <li>voice</li></ul>.

Edit for language conventions.

Use a variety of conventional/digital tools to produce and publish writing.

Introduce keyboarding skills.

Introduce a topic or text being studied using complete sentences.

State an opinion about the topic or text and provide reasons for the opinion.

Use specific words that are related to the topic, and audience.

Use linking/transition words and phrases to signal event order.

Provide evidence of a beginning, middle and concluding statement or section.

Introduce a topic or text being studied using complete sentences.

Use facts and definitions to develop points in generating paragraphs.

Use specific words that are related to the topic and audience.

Use linking words and phrases to signal event order.

Create a concluding statement or paragraph.

Establish a situation/topic based on the student's experience or imagination.

Introduce a main character and setting.

Develop sensory details.

Follow a logical sequence of events using complete sentences to create a beginning/middle/end.

Use linking/transition words to signal event order.

Use specific words that are related to the topic and audience.

Generate a list of open-ended questions about topics of interest.

Create an individual question about a topic.

Use their own question to find information on their topic.

Gather evidence from available sources, literary and informational.

Record basic information from literary and informational in simple visual format.

Present and evaluate information in written and oral reports or displays, using previously established teacher/student criteria.

Use regular and irregular verbs and simple verb tenses.

Use helping verbs with irregular verbs.

Use complete subject and complete predicate in a sentence.

Use comparative, demonstrative and superlative adjectives and adverbs.

Use subject/verb agreement in sentences.

Produce simple and compound imperative, exclamatory, declarative, interrogative sentences.

Use 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person pronouns and their antecedents.

Write legibly (print and cursive).

Use an apostrophe to form possessives.

Demonstrate and use commas and quotation marks in dialogue.

Capitalize dialogue correctly.