Wisconsin K–6 technology standards

Identify algorithms as step-by-step instructions in daily activities, and represent them using visual formats such as diagrams, arrows, or storytelling.

Model daily processes by creating and following algorithms that include sequence, events, and repetition to complete tasks and solve problems.

Use visual tools to represent how data moves and changes through sequence, events, and repetition.

Describe problem-solving steps by creating representations of algorithms that include basic elements such as selection and variables.

Write the steps in algorithms that include sequence, events, iteration, and selection to complete a task or solve a problem using everyday language.

Create simple representations of algorithms through storytelling, flowcharts, or block-based tools to show how tasks are completed.

Discuss how human problems might be solved with the assistance of algorithms or programs.

Develop an algorithm to solve a problem by considering others' needs and ideas, and sharing feedback, using a process that considers the needs, requirements, and feedback of others.

Describe how different parts of an algorithm or task work together to get something done.

Compare different sets of steps to see which works better or faster.

Improve basic algorithms by adding steps like repetition or decisions to make them more accurate or efficient.

Decompose a problem or task into smaller steps to design an algorithm that solves it.

Find patterns in problems or tasks that can make algorithms simpler or faster.

Compare how different solutions might treat people differently, and talk about when they work well for some but not for others.

Examine different perspectives, abilities, and points of view when designing algorithms and programs.

Create code from an algorithm that includes sequence, events, and iteration to express ideas or complete a task.

Identify and explain how symbols and terms in everyday life represent information, including values that remain constant or change over time.

Label and describe variables and fundamental data types (e.g., integers, strings, Booleans) used to represent and manage information in programs.

Identify and trace how variables are stored, manipulated, and changed throughout a program.

Use variables to store, compare, and modify data.

Analyze and debug a program, which includes sequencing, events, loops, conditionals, and variables.

Describe the purpose of a software project, set a simple goal, and use checklists or visual tools (e.g., timelines or storyboards) to plan what needs to be completed.

Share and explain what the code does using drawings, notes, or short class presentations.

Review finished work, talk about what went well or what was hard.

Review code with peers to improve projects.

Collect data using a variety of methods (e.g., observation, survey, measurement) and tools (e.g., sensors, online forms), including overtime and from multiple sources.

Describe basic information about data collected, such as what the data is about and how it was gathered, to help understand and use the data.

Use numeric values to represent non-numeric data in computing systems (e.g., binary, ASCII, RGB), and understand how such representations support storage, analysis, and communication of information.

Identify different ways information can be shown using symbols or codes (e.g., numbers, letters, sounds, pictures).

Compare different types of data (numeric and non-numeric) and explain how their collection methods affect the kinds of information they provide.

Organize data into structured formats such as tables with records and attributes.

Organize and represent data using basic visual formats (e.g., picture graphs, bar graphs, tables) to help answer questions or identify simple patterns.

Identify different types of digital information (e.g., pictures, text, music) and match them with how they are stored or displayed.

Identify when data is missing or incorrect in a simple dataset (e.g., a number in a list of names) and discuss how it might affect answers to a question.

Ask and investigate questions that can be answered with data and distinguish these from questions that require other methods to answer.

Use data collected from everyday environments to support investigations.

Identify and describe different types of information (e.g., pictures, charts, text) and ask questions about whether the information helps answer a specific question.

Sort, classify, and group data based on attributes (e.g., color, size, shape), and recognize patterns that people and machines can use to make decisions or predictions.

Represent data using visual tools (e.g., charts, graphs), and communicate insights or predictions based on identified trends or relationships.

Compare and evaluate different representations of the same data for clarity, accuracy, and accessibility. Create visualizations and brief explanations that highlight patterns or support claims.

Ask data-driven questions to understand and address the needs of people in everyday life and community settings.

Identify benefits, risks, and basic privacy concerns related to data and AI, specifically in the context of data collection and sharing.

Identify different ways to collect data, recognize approaches that may lead to poor or biased information, and design collection methods that are inclusive and respectful of diverse backgrounds.

Collect, discuss, or interpret data, and communicate findings in a way that considers different perspectives.

Identify ways data and technology relate to privacy and fairness and recognize the importance of being responsible with information.

Use simple data investigations to explore real-world problems and share observations.

Identify and explain the function of basic hardware components in a computing system (such as the display, system unit, keyboard, and other input/output devices).

Describe how the physical parts (hardware) and the programs (software) work together to take in (input) and show/send out (output) information.

Observe and explain how sensors are used in everyday places (like automatic doors or motion- activated lights).

Use technology tools (tablets, computers, or apps) in safe and appropriate ways to help complete tasks or solve problems.

Talk about different types of apps or tools students use-like those that need the internet and those that work on the device-and explain what each one helps them do.

Follow simple steps to fix common computer problems (like no sound or the device won't turn on), by using solutions like checking if it's plugged in or restarting.

Describe how computers and other devices connect to the Internet, using cables (Ethernet) or wireless signals (Wi-Fi).

Give examples of how people all over the world use the Internet to stay connected with others through messages, video calling, or finding information.

Describe how website addresses (URLs) and email addresses allow individuals to connect and communicate over the Internet.:

Describe how sharing things online-like names, photos, or locations-can give personal information to people you didn't mean to share it with.

Describe ways to keep personal information safe-using strong passwords, logging out, and sharing with trusted sources.

Explain how passwords, account settings, and other tools help protect devices and share systems like school networks or public Wi Fi.

Show how information can be scrambled (encrypted) and unscrambled (decrypted) to stay safe, using drawings, activities, or digital tools.

Explain why it is important to check and update passwords, software, and settings to protect personal and shared information.:

Identify the benefits of using computers and devices-like learning new things or staying in touch-and describe potential problems, such as too much screen time or sharing personal information.

Give examples of ways people use the Internet with devices-like watching videos, playing games, learning, or talking with others.

Explore how using computers and the Internet can help the environment and also cause harm (electricity or electronic waste).

Work together to make technology easier for everyone to use, including people with different needs, abilities, and ways of thinking.

Describe how important events have inspired people to create computer science ideas and inventions.

Examine how computing innovations have changed the way people live, work, or communicate over time.

Explore the contributions of people from different cultures, backgrounds, and time periods who helped shape computing technologies.

Discuss why it is important to use computing tools fairly and respectfully, and that rules (policies) exist for their use.

Use online collaborative spaces ethically and safely to work with another student to solve a problem, seek out diverse perspectives, or improve a project.

Brainstorm ways in which computing devices could be made more accessible to all users.

Identify everyday technologies and discuss how people use them to meet needs and how they affect daily life.

Describe what technology can and cannot do and explore how new and emerging technologies can change the way people live, work, and communicate.

Identify ways new technologies can help solve problems and justify why people choose to use or not use them.

Brainstorm and advocate for ways in which computing devices and the Internet could be made more available to all people.

Understand that ideas, code, and digital creations belong to the people who made them, and describe why it is important to give credit.

Explain the differences between communicating electronically and communicating in person.

Compare and contrast the effects of communicating electronically to communicating in person.

Explain how artificial intelligence systems learn from data and make decisions based on patterns.

Students can identify and describe examples of artificial intelligence in everyday life (e.g., voice assistants, recommendations).

Describe how people use digital tools in different jobs and explain how personal interests can connect to computing in work or careers.

Describe how computing is used in a variety of industries and careers (e.g. healthcare, transportation, and entertainment) and how people learn new skills as technology changes.

Investigate how professionals collaborate with computing technologies to solve problems creatively, accurately, and efficiently.

Identify situations where technology choices can affect people differently and talk about what it means to be

Represent algorithms visually using structured formats such as flowcharts, pseudocode, or block-based tools to solve computational problems.

Model decision-making and repetition in algorithm representations to reflect problem-solving strategies.

Describe how data is taken in (as input), stored, processed, and then produced as a result (as output) in a computational solution.

Represent and explain data transformations using visual or textual formats such as flowcharts, pseudocode, or structured diagrams.

Write algorithm steps using sequence, iteration, and selection to solve a task involving at least one data element.

Create and refine algorithms using structure formats (e.g. pseudocode, or flowcharts), incorporating inputs, logics, and outputs.

Design algorithms, using human-centered design principles such as empathy, user needs and requirements, and accessibility.

Refine algorithms iteratively through user feedback to improve usability, accessibility, and user experience.

Compare different sets of steps to see which works better or faster.

Compare two or more algorithms to decide which is more accurate or efficient.

Suggest improvements to make an algorithm work better or faster based on what the problem needs.

Explain how a system gives outputs even if the parts inside aren't fully visible (like a black box).

Use patterns or structure in problems to help predict how algorithms work and where they can be improved.

Describe how algorithms-including deterministic and probabilistic types- can impact people or groups unfairly, and explain why accessibility and bias matter.

Modify an algorithm to address a specific societal impact, ethical issue, or bias.

Analyze how a segment of code works, identifying the roles of variables, selection, and iteration.

Use procedures without parameters to structure code for clarity and readability.

Use variables and fundamental data types (e.g., integers, strings, Booleans) to represent and organize data.

Use appropriate data types and variables to store, update, and manage data in programs.

Use appropriate data structures to store related data and iterate them to process elements.

Use testing and debugging methods to ensure program correctness and completeness.

Document design choices and development process through notes, journals, or basic version tracking.

Communicate progress and challenges to peers or instructors.

Reflect on project outcomes and process, identify areas for improvement.

Revise code or plan based on testing or peer feedback.

Define clear project objectives and develop a step-by-step plan or timeline to guide workflow.

Collect both quantitative and qualitative data relevant to a problem or question using computational tools (e.g., spreadsheets, sensors, forms).

Generate and interpret metadata to describe the purpose, structure, source, and collection of methods of datasets, supporting accurate data interpretation and reuse.

Represent and interpret data using standard and student- created encoding systems (e.g., binary, Unicode, Morse code), recognizing how encoding supports communication and data processing.

Explain and convert between basic number systems (such as binary and decimal) and describe how digital systems use these to represent various types of data (e.g., text, images, sound).

Evaluate how precision and granularity (e.g., rounding, sampling rates, image resolution) affect data accuracy, storage, and interpretation in computational analysis.

Use computational tools (e.g., spreadsheets, apps) to gather, organize, sort, filter, group, and aggregate quantitative data, including calculating summary statistics (e.g., totals, averages, frequencies, measures of center and spread).

Manipulate and transform data to support analysis by creating new variables or attributes, selecting appropriate data, and generating visualizations (e.g., charts, graphs) to answer specific questions or investigate patterns.

Compare data storage formats (e.g., image, text, and music files) and explain tradeoffs between file size, resolution, and quality in terms of computational efficiency and use.

Apply appropriate strategies to address missing, out-of-range, or anomalous data (e.g., using imputation, removing outliers, or marking invalid entries), and explain the impact on data quality.

Pose data-driven questions that anticipate patterns or variability and guide purposeful investigations.

Collect, organize, and analyze data using computational tools (e.g., spreadsheets, databases) to identify relationships, classify information, and make predictions or informed decisions.

Evaluate datasets and digital information sources by analyzing their reliability, accuracy, bias, format, and relevance for answering specific data questions.

Analyze data using computational tools (e.g., spreadsheets, databases) to identify relationships, classify information, and make predictions or informed decisions.

Create and refine data visualizations to clearly and accurately communicate findings, considering how design choices affect clarity, accessibility, and interpretation.

Communicate the results of a Construct formal data reports that data investigation by explaining justify conclusions using evidence, the question, data collection models, and visualizations for methods, analysis process, and acknowledging limitations, potential evidence that supports biases, and tradeoffs (e.g., data conclusions. representation, compression, or storage formats).

Explain the benefits and risks of collecting personal data and incorporating it into datasets, including impacts on privacy and individual rights.

Explain how automated decisions and AI influence individuals and society by exploring these effects through simple computational models.

Explain how decisions made during data collection, processing, analysis, and presentation can introduce bias, lead to misleading conclusions, and affect the fairness of AI models.

Evaluate the credibility of data from AI and machine learning sources by assessing the source, accuracy, potential biases, and relevance of the information.

Explain how data-driven algorithms and AI systems impact society, including issues of privacy, fairness, and ethics.

Use data investigations and basic models to propose solutions to real- world problems, considering potential benefits and ethical impacts.

Explain how computers organize and store information, including how files are named, grouped, and protected with settings that control who can use them.

Describe how different types of computing devices (such as smartphones, tablets, or cloud- based systems) connect and share information through networks.

Explain how software and hardware interact to perform tasks, including how updates or settings affect device performance and user experience.

Use instructions, help guides, or online resources to learn how to complete computer tasks or solve problems.

Explain the differences between apps that run on the internet and ones installed on a device, and describe when and why someone might use one over the other.

Use basic troubleshooting methods to identify and fix issues such as a frozen screen or apps that won't open.

Compare the strengths and challenges of wired vs. wireless networks in places like homes or schools.

Describe how the parts of the Internet work (servers, routers, and cables) keep it working reliably and fix problems.

Show how the Internet sends data in packets-breaking it up, choosing different paths, and reassembling on the receiving end.

Describe how encryption helps keep digital information private and secure and give examples of where it's used-like in messaging apps, websites, or online banking.

Describe safe practices for accessing systems, including recognizing secure sites, managing passwords, and avoiding risky downloads or pop-ups. Analyze how widely used technology helps individuals solve problems, (education, communication) while also creating challenges (cyberbullying, privacy issues, screen time).

Identify and describe common types of cyber-attacks-like tricking people (social engineering) or installing harmful software (malware) and explain how they can affect users and devices.

Explain how computers and data centers can be at risk from both natural events (storms, earthquakes) or intentional harm (hacking to steal data).

Compare ways to protect computers and information-using both digital tools (like passwords, firewalls) and physical tools (like locks, cameras) and describing how protections impact ease of use.

Describe how using multiple layers of protection (Defense in Depth) keeps systems safer and explain steps to take if a system is attacked.

Investigate how access to computing systems varies by socioeconomic status, location, ability, and age-and analyze how these differences affect individuals and communities.

Design a user interface (e.g., web pages, app, animation) to be more inclusive and accessible, minimizing the impact of designer bias.

Compare early and modern computing devices and describe how changes in society have influenced their development.

Analyze intended and unintended impacts of historical computing technologies on society and the natural environment.

Compare roles of individuals, communities, organizations, and governments in advancing technology.

Identify and discuss how historical computing technologies have raised ethical questions or unintended societal issues.

Use the internet ethically and safely to critically evaluate and redesign a computational artifact to remove barriers to universal access. (e.g. using captions on images, high contrast colors, and/or larger font sizes)

Evaluate how design decisions in emerging technologies influence user experiences differently across different communities.

Provide examples of how computational innovations and devices impact health and wellbeing, both positively and negatively, locally and globally and create new solutions that depend on expertise from multiple fields (e.g. effects of globalization and automation).

Contrast the features, functionality, and characteristics of emerging technologies with technologies that came before.

Explain how emerging technologies create new solutions that depend on expertise from multiple fields

Explain the impact of the digital divide (e.g. uneven access to computing, computing education, and interfaces) on access to critical information.

Explain the role of licenses and permissions in using or sharing technology and digital content and compare how different types of intellectual property (like open source vs. proprietary) affect creators and users.

Analyze and present beneficial and harmful effects of personal electronic communication and social electronic communication.

Describe ways in which the Internet impacts global communication and collaboration.

Build and test a basic machine learning model and describe how the model makes predictions.

Students analyze how the choice of training data affects artificial intelligence outcomes and can recognize examples of biased outputs.

Compare how professionals in different careers use computational thinking to solve real-world problems and identify how your own interests and strengths might connect to those applications."

Examine how changes in technology can create new jobs or change how people work.

Engage in real-world computational thinking projects that reflect professional, diverse CS problem- solving approaches, and integrate skills with expertise from diverse fields.

Investigate how professionals in computing careers address ethical dilemmas.