Florida K–6 english language arts standards

Cite evidence to explain and justify reasoning.

Read and comprehend grade-level complex texts proficiently.

Make inferences to support comprehension.

Use appropriate collaborative techniques and active listening skills when engaging in discussions in a variety of situations.

Use the accepted rules governing a specific format to create quality work.

Use appropriate voice and tone when speaking or writing. The mastery standards themselves represent end-of-the-year goals students should master and are divided into four strands: Foundations, Reading, Communication, and Vocabulary. •

Locate a printed word on a page.

Distinguish letters from words within sentences.

Match print to speech to demonstrate that language is represented by print.

Identify parts of a book (front cover, back cover, title page).

Move top to bottom and left to right on the printed page, returning to the beginning of the next line.

Identify all upper- and lowercase letters of the alphabet.

Recognize that print conveys specific meaning and pictures may support meaning.

Blend and segment syllables in spoken words.

Identify and produce alliterative and rhyming words.

Blend and segment onset and rimes of single-syllable words.

Identify the initial, medial, and final sound of spoken words.

Add or delete phonemes at the beginning or end of a spoken word and say the resulting word.

Segment and blend phonemes in single-syllable spoken words.

Demonstrate knowledge of the most frequent sound for each consonant.

Demonstrate knowledge of the short and long sounds for the five major vowels.

Decode consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) words.

Encode consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) words.

Recognize and read with automaticity grade-level high frequency words.

Describe the main character(s), setting, and important events in a story.

Explain the roles of author and illustrator of a story. R.1.4 Poetry

Identify rhyme in a poem. 14

Use titles, headings, and illustrations to predict and confirm the topic of texts. R.2.2 Central Idea

Identify the topic of and multiple details in a text. 15 R.2.3 Author’s Purpose and Perspective

Explain the difference between opinions and facts about a topic. 16

Identify and explain descriptive words in text(s). R.3.2 Paraphrase and Summarize

Use main character(s), setting, and important events for a story.

Use topic and details for an informational text. 17 R.3.3 Comparative Reading

Compare and contrast characters’ experiences in stories. R.3.4 Understanding Rhetoric

Print many upper- and lowercase letters. 18 C.1.2 Narrative Writing

Using a combination of drawing, dictating, and/or writing, create narratives with the events in chronological order. C.1.3 Argumentative Writing

Using a combination of drawing, dictating, and/or writing, express opinions about a topic or text with at least one supporting reason. C.1.4 Expository Writing

Using a combination of drawing, dictating, and/or writing, provide factual information about a topic. 20 C.1.5 Improving Writing

With guidance and support from adults, improve drawing and writing, as needed, by planning, revising, and editing. Communicating Orally C.2.1 Oral Presentation

Present information orally using complete sentences. Conventions See Conventions Progression Chart. Researching C.4.1 Researching and Using Information

Recall information to answer a question about a single topic. 22 Creating and Collaborating C.5.1 Multimedia

Use a multimedia element to enhance oral or written tasks. C.5.2 Technology in Communication

Use grade-level academic vocabulary appropriately in speaking and writing. V.1.2 Morphology

Ask and answer questions about unfamiliar words in grade-level content. 24 V.1.3 Context and Connotation

Identify and sort common words into basic categories, relating vocabulary to background knowledge. 25

Follow the rules of standard English grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling appropriate to grade level.

Locate the title, table of contents, names of author(s) and illustrator(s), and glossary of books. Phonological Awareness

Segment spoken words into initial, medial, and final phonemes, including words with digraphs, blends, and trigraphs.

Orally blend initial, medial, and final phonemes together to produce a single- syllable word that includes digraphs, blends, or trigraphs.

Blend single-syllable spoken words with at least five phonemes.

Segment single-syllable spoken words with at least five phonemes.

Segment and blend phonemes in multi-syllable spoken words. ELA.612.F.2.1 Demonstrate an understanding of spoken words, syllables, and sounds.

Decode words using knowledge of spelling-sound correspondences for common consonant digraphs, trigraphs, and blends.

Decode simple words with r-controlled vowels.

Decode and encode regularly spelled one-syllable words.

Decode words with inflectional endings. 11 Phonics and Word Analysis

Decode two-syllable words with regular patterns by breaking the words into syllables.

Decode words that use final -e and vowel teams to make long-vowel sounds.

Recognize and read with automaticity the grade-level sight words.

Identify and describe the main story elements in a story.

Identify and explain the moral of a story. This benchmark is not present in kindergarten. 13 R.1.2 Theme R.1.3 Perspective and Point of View

Explain who is telling the story using context clues.

Identify stanzas and line breaks in poems.

Use text features including titles, headings, captions, graphs, maps, glossaries, and/or illustrations to demonstrate understanding of texts.

Identify the topic of and relevant details in a text.

Explain similarities and differences between information provided in visuals and words in an informational text. This benchmark is not present in kindergarten. R.2.4 Argument

Identify an author’s opinion(s) about the topic.

Identify and explain descriptive words and phrases in text(s).

Use main story elements at the beginning, middle, and end for a literary text;

Use topic and important details for an informational text.

Compare and contrast two texts on the same topic.

Print all upper- and lowercase letters.

Write narratives that retell two or more appropriately sequenced events, including relevant details and a sense of closure.

Write opinions about a topic or text with at least one supporting reason from a source and a sense of closure.

Write expository texts about a topic, using a source, providing facts and a sense of closure.

With guidance and support from adults, improve writing, as needed, by planning, revising, and editing.

Present information orally using complete sentences and appropriate volume.

Participate in research to gather information to answer a question about a single topic.

Use a multimedia element to enhance oral or written tasks.

Identify and use digital tools to produce and publish writing individually or with peers and with support from adults. 23

Use grade-level academic vocabulary appropriately in speaking and writing.

Identify and use frequently occurring base words and their common inflections in grade-level content.

Identify and use picture clues, context clues, word relationships, reference materials, and/or background knowledge to determine the meaning of unknown words.

Follow the rules of standard English grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling appropriate to grade level.

Decode words with variable vowel teams (e.g., oo, ea, ou) and vowel diphthongs (e.g., oi, oy, ow).

Decode regularly spelled two-syllable words with long and short vowels.

Decode words with open (e.g., hi, baby, moment) and closed (e.g., bag, sunshine, chop) syllables and consonant -le (e.g., purple, circle, stumble).

Decode words with common prefixes and suffixes.

Decode words with silent letter combinations (e.g., knight, comb, island, ghost).

Read grade-level texts with accuracy, automaticity, and appropriate prosody or expression.

Identify plot structure and describe main story elements in a literary text.

Identify and explain a theme of a literary text.

Identify different characters’ perspectives in a literary text.

Identify rhyme schemes in poems.

Explain how text features—including titles, headings, captions, graphs, maps, glossaries, and/or illustrations—contribute to the meaning of texts.

Identify the central idea and relevant details in a text.

Explain an author’s purpose in an informational text.

Explain an author’s opinion(s) and supporting evidence.

Identify and explain similes, idioms, and alliteration in text(s).

Use main story elements in a logical sequence for a literary text;

Use the central idea and relevant details for an informational text.

Compare and contrast important details presented by two texts on the same topic or theme.

Demonstrate legible printing skills.

Write personal or fictional narratives using a logical sequence of events, transitions, and an ending.

Write opinions about a topic or text with reasons supported by details from a source, use transitions, and provide a conclusion.

Write expository texts about a topic, using a source, providing an introduction, facts, transitions, and a conclusion.

Improve writing as needed by planning, revising, and editing with guidance and support from adults and feedback from peers.

Present information orally using complete sentences, appropriate volume, and clear pronunciation.

Participate in research to gather information to answer a question about a single topic using multiple sources.

Use one or more multimedia element(s) to enhance oral or written tasks.

Use digital tools to produce and publish writing individually or with peers and with support from adults.

Use grade-level academic vocabulary appropriately in speaking and writing.

Identify and use base words and affixes to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words in grade-level content.

Identify and use context clues, word relationships, reference materials, and/or background knowledge to determine the meaning of unknown words.

Retell a text to enhance comprehension. Use main story elements in a logical sequence for a literary text. Use the central idea and relevant details for an informational text.

Follow the rules of standard English grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling appropriate to grade level.

Decode words with common Greek and Latin roots and affixes. (See 3.V.1.2)

Decode words with common derivational suffixes and describe how they turn words into different parts of speech (e.g., -ful, -less, -est).

Decode multisyllabic words.

Read grade-level texts with accuracy, automaticity, and appropriate prosody or expression.

Explain a theme and how it develops, using details, in a literary text.

Explain different characters’ perspectives in a literary text.

Identify types of poems: free verse, rhymed verse, haiku, and limerick.

Explain how text features contribute to meaning and identify the text structures of chronology, comparison, and cause/effect in texts.

Identify the central idea and explain how relevant details support that idea in a text.

Explain the development of an author’s purpose in an informational text.

Identify an author’s claim and explain how an author uses evidence to support the claim.

Identify and explain metaphors, personification, and hyperbole in text(s).

Include plot and theme for a literary text;

Use the central idea and relevant details for an informational text.

Compare and contrast how two authors present information on the same topic or theme.

Write in cursive all upper- and lowercase letters.

Write personal or fictional narratives using a logical sequence of events, appropriate descriptions, dialogue, a variety of transitional words or phrases, and an ending.

Write opinions about a topic or text, include reasons supported by details from one or more sources, use transitions, and provide a conclusion.

Write expository texts about a topic, using one or more sources, providing an introduction, facts and details, some elaboration, transitions, and a conclusion.

Improve writing as needed by planning, revising, and editing with guidance and support from adults and feedback from peers.

Present information orally, in a logical sequence, using nonverbal cues, appropriate volume, and clear pronunciation.

Conduct research to answer a question, organizing information about the topic from multiple sources.

Use two or more multimedia elements to enhance oral or written tasks.

Use digital writing tools individually or collaboratively to plan, draft, and revise writing.

Use grade-level academic vocabulary appropriately in speaking and writing.

Identify and apply knowledge of common Greek and Latin roots, base words, and affixes to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words in grade-level content.

Use context clues, figurative language, word relationships, reference materials, and/or background knowledge to determine the meaning of multiple-meaning and unknown words and phrases, appropriate to grade level.

Explain how one or more characters develop throughout the plot in a literary text.

Follow the rules of standard English grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling appropriate to grade level.

Apply knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology to read and write unfamiliar single-syllable and multisyllabic words in and out of context.

Read grade-level texts with accuracy, automaticity, and appropriate prosody or expression.

Explain how one or more characters develop throughout the plot in a literary text.

Explain a stated or implied theme and how it develops, using details, in a literary text.

Identify the narrator’s point of view and explain the difference between a narrator’s point of view and character perspective in a literary text.

Explain how rhyme and structure create meaning in a poem.

Explain how text features contribute to the meaning and identify the text structures of problem/solution, sequence, and description in texts.

Explain how relevant details support the central idea, implied or explicit.

Explain an author’s perspective toward a topic in an informational text.

Explain an author’s claim and the reasons and evidence used to support the claim.

Explain how figurative language contributes to meaning in text(s).

Include plot and theme for a literary text;

Include the central idea and relevant details for an informational text.

Compare and contrast accounts of the same event using primary and/or secondary sources.

Demonstrate legible cursive writing skills.

Write personal or fictional narratives using a logical sequence of events and demonstrating an effective use of techniques such as descriptions and transitional words and phrases.

Write to make a claim supporting a perspective with logical reasons, using evidence from multiple sources, elaboration, and an organizational structure with transitions.

Write expository texts about a topic, using multiple sources, elaboration, and an organizational structure with transitions.

Improve writing by planning, revising, and editing, with guidance and support from adults and feedback from peers.

Present information orally, in a logical sequence, using nonverbal cues, appropriate volume, and clear pronunciation.

Conduct research to answer a question, organizing information about the topic and using multiple valid sources.

Arrange multimedia elements to create emphasis in oral or written tasks.

Use digital writing tools individually or collaboratively to plan, draft, and revise writing.

Use grade-level academic vocabulary appropriately in speaking and writing.

Apply knowledge of common Greek and Latin roots, base words, and affixes to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words in grade-level content.

Use context clues, figurative language, word relationships, reference materials, and/or background knowledge to determine the meaning of multiple-meaning and unknown words and phrases, appropriate to grade level.

Follow the rules of standard English grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling appropriate to grade level.

Apply knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology to read and write unfamiliar single-syllable and multisyllabic words in and out of context. ELA.612.F.2.2 Know and apply phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.

Accurately read multisyllabic words using a combined knowledge of all letter- sound correspondences and syllabication patterns. ELA.612.F.2.3 Know and apply phonics and word analysis skills in encoding words.

Analyze how setting, events, conflict, and characterization contribute to the plot in a literary text. Explain how setting, events, conflict, and character development contribute to the plot in a literary text.

Explain the development of stated or implied theme(s) throughout a literary text.

Describe how an author develops a character’s perspective in a literary text.

Explain how figurative language and other poetic elements work together in a poem.

Explain how text structures and/or features contribute to the overall meaning of texts.

Explain how relevant details support the central idea(s), implied or explicit.

Analyze an author’s purpose and/or perspective in an informational text.

Track the development of an argument, identifying the specific claim(s), evidence, and reasoning.

Analyze how figurative language contributes to meaning in text(s).

Include plot and theme for a literary text;

Include the central idea and relevant details for an informational text.

Compare and contrast primary and secondary sources related to the same topic.

Demonstrate fluent and legible cursive writing skills.

Write personal or fictional narratives using a logical sequence of events and demonstrating an effective use of techniques such as dialogue, description, and transitional words and phrases.

Write to make a claim supporting a perspective with logical reasons, relevant evidence from sources, elaboration, and an organizational structure with varied transitions.

Write expository texts about a topic using multiple sources and including an organizational structure, relevant elaboration, and varied transitions.

Improve writing by planning, revising, and editing, with guidance and support from adults and feedback from peers.

Present information orally, in a logical sequence, using nonverbal cues, appropriate volume, clear pronunciation, and appropriate pacing. 21 C.2.1 Oral Presentation

Conduct research to answer a question, organizing information about the topic and using multiple reliable and valid sources.

Arrange multimedia elements to create emphasis and/or clarity in oral or written tasks.

Use digital writing tools individually or collaboratively to plan, draft, and revise writing.

Use grade-level academic vocabulary appropriately in speaking and writing.

Apply knowledge of Greek and Latin roots and affixes, recognizing the connection between affixes and parts of speech, to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words in grade-level content.

Use context clues, figurative language, word relationships, reference materials, and/or background knowledge to determine the meaning of multiple-meaning and unknown words and phrases, appropriate to grade level.

Read grade-level texts with accuracy, automaticity, and appropriate prosody or expression.

Follow the rules of standard English grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling appropriate to grade level.

Analyze how the interaction between characters contributes to the development of a plot in a literary text.

Analyze the development of stated or implied theme(s) throughout a literary text.

Explain the influence of multiple narrators and/or shifts in point of view in a literary text.

Describe the impact of various poetic forms on meaning and style.

Explain how individual text sections and/or features convey meaning in texts.

Analyze the central idea(s), implied or explicit, and its development throughout a text.

Analyze authors’ purpose(s) in multiple accounts of the same event or topic.

Track the development of an argument, identifying the types of reasoning used.

Explain how figurative language contributes to tone and meaning in text(s).

Paraphrase content from grade-level texts.

Compare and contrast how authors from different time periods address the same or related topics.

Identify rhetorical appeals in a text.

Write personal or fictional narratives using narrative techniques, precise words and phrases, and figurative language.

Write and support a claim using logical reasoning, relevant evidence from multiple sources, elaboration, and a logical organizational structure with varied transitions.

Write expository texts to explain and/or analyze information from multiple sources, using a logical organizational structure, relevant elaboration, and varied transitions.

Improve writing by planning, revising, and editing, considering feedback from adults and peers.

Present information orally, in a logical sequence, using nonverbal cues, appropriate volume, clear pronunciation, and appropriate pacing.

Conduct research to answer a question, drawing on multiple reliable and valid sources and refocusing the inquiry when appropriate.

Integrate diverse digital media to enhance audience engagement in oral or written tasks.

Use digital tools to produce writing.

Integrate academic vocabulary appropriate to grade level in speaking and writing.

Apply knowledge of Greek and Latin roots and affixes to determine meanings of words and phrases in grade-level content.

Apply knowledge of context clues, figurative language, word relationships, reference materials, and/or background knowledge to determine the connotative and denotative meaning of words and phrases, appropriate to grade level.

Follow the rules of standard English grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling appropriate to grade level.