Ohio K–6 social studies standards

Individuals have many wants and make decisions to satisfy those wants. These decisions impact others.

Goods are objects that can satisfy an individual's wants. Services are actions that can satisfy individual's wants.

Terms related to direction and distance, as well as symbols and landmarks, can be used to talk about the relative location of familiar places.

Models and maps represent real places.

Humans depend on and impact the physical environment in order to supply food, clothing and shelter.

Individuals are unique but share common characteristics of multiple groups.

Individuals share responsibilities and take action toward the achievement of common goals in homes, schools and communities.

The purpose of rules and authority figures is to provide order, security and safety in the home, school and community.

Time can be measured.

Personal history can be shared through stories and pictures.

Heritage is reflected through diverse cultures and is shown through the arts, customs, traditions, family celebrations and language.

Symbols and practices of the United States include the flag, Pledge of Allegiance and the National Anthem. Other nations are represented by symbols and practices too.

Wants are unlimited and resources are limited. Individuals make choices because they cannot have everything they want.

People produce and consume goods and services in the community.

People trade to obtain goods and services they want.

Currency is used as a means of economic exchange.

Maps can be used to locate and identify places.

Places are distinctive because of their physical characteristics (land forms and bodies of water) and human characteristics (structures built by people).

Families interact with the physical environment differently in different times and places.

Diverse cultural practices address basic human needs in various ways and may change over time.

Individuals have responsibility to take action toward the achievement of common goals in homes, schools and communities and are accountable for those actions.

Collaboration requires group members to respect the rights and opinions of others.

Rules exist in different settings. The principles of fairness should guide rules and the consequences for breaking rules.

Time can be divided into categories (e.g., months of the year, past, present and future).

Photographs, letters, artifacts and books can be used to learn about the past.

The ways basic human needs are met have changed over time.

Information displayed on bar graphs can be used to compare quantities.

Resources can be used in various ways.

Most people around the world work in jobs in which they produce specific goods and services.

People use money to buy and sell goods and services.

People earn income by working.

Maps and their symbols, including cardinal directions, can be interpreted to answer questions about location of places.

The work that people do is impacted by the distinctive human and physical characteristics in the place where they live.

Human activities alter the physical environment, both positively and negatively.

Cultures develop in unique ways, in part through the influence of the physical environment.

Interactions among cultures lead to sharing ways of life.

Respect for the rights of self and others includes making responsible choices and being accountable for personal actions.

Groups are accountable for choices they make and actions they take.

There are different rules and laws that govern behavior in different settings.

Time can be shown graphically on calendars and timelines.

Change over time can be shown with artifacts, maps, and photographs.

Science and technology have changed daily life.

Biographies can show how peoples' actions have shaped the world in which we live.

Line graphs are used to show changes in data over time.

Both positive and negative incentives affect individuals' choices and behaviors.

Individuals must make decisions because of the scarcity of resources. Making a decision involves a trade-off.

A consumer is a person whose wants are satisfied by using goods and services. A producer makes goods and/or provides services.

A market is where buyers and sellers exchange goods and services.

Making decisions involves weighing costs and benefits.

A budget is a plan to help people make personal economic decisions for the present and future and to become more financially responsible.

Physical and political maps have distinctive characteristics and purposes. Places can be located on a map by using the title, key, alphanumeric grid and cardinal directions.

Daily life is influenced by the agriculture, industry and natural resources in different communities.

Evidence of positive and negative human modification of the environment can be observed in the local community.

Systems of transportation and communication move people, products and ideas from place to place.

Communities may include diverse cultural groups.

Members of local communities have rights and responsibilities.

Individuals make the community a better place by taking action to solve problems in a way that promotes the common good.

Laws are rules which apply to all people in a community and describe ways people are expected to behave. Laws promote order and security, provide public services and protect the rights of individuals in the local community.

Governments have authority to make and enforce laws.

The structure of local governments may differ from one community to another.

Events in local history can be shown on timelines organized by years, decades and centuries.

Primary and secondary sources can be used to show change over time.

Local communities change over time.

Tables and charts organize data in a variety of formats to help individuals understand information and issues.

Entrepreneurs in Ohio and the United States organize productive resources and take risks to make a profit and compete with other producers.

Saving a portion of income contributes to an individuals' financial well-being. Individuals can reduce spending to save more of their income.

People have modified the environment throughout history resulting in both positive and negative consequences in Ohio and the United States.

The population of the United States has changed over time, becoming more diverse (e.g., racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious). Ohio's population has become increasingly reflective of the multicultural diversity of the United States.

Ohio's location and its transportation systems continue to influence the movement of people, products and ideas in the United States.

Individuals have a variety of opportunities to act in and influence their state and national government. Citizens have both rights and responsibilities in Ohio and the United States.

Civic participation in a democratic society requires individuals to make informed and reasoned decisions by accessing, evaluating and using information effectively to engage in compromise.

Laws can protect rights, provide benefits and assign responsibilities.

The U.S. Constitution establishes a system of limited government and protects citizens' rights; five of these rights are addressed in the First Amendment.

A constitution is a written plan for government. The Ohio Constitution and the U.S. Constitution separate the major responsibilities of government among three branches.

The order of significant events in Ohio and the United States can be shown on a timeline.

Primary and secondary sources can be used to create historical narratives.

Various groups of people have lived in Ohio over time including American Indians, migrating settlers and immigrants. Interactions among these groups have resulted in cooperation, conflict and compromise.

The 13 colonies came together around a common cause of liberty and justice, uniting to fight for independence during the American Revolution and to form a new nation.

The Northwest Ordinance incorporated democratic ideals into the territories. It provided a process for territories to become states and recognized them as equal to the other existing states.

Ongoing conflicts on the Ohio frontier with American Indians and Great Britain contributed to the United States' involvement in the War of 1812.

Following the War of 1812, Ohio continued to play a key role in national conflicts including the anti-slavery movement and the Underground Railroad.

Many technological innovations that originated in Ohio benefitted the United States.

A map scale and cardinal and intermediate directions can be used to describe the relative location of physical and human characteristics of Ohio and the United States.

The economic development of the United States continues to influence and be influenced by agriculture, industry and natural resources in Ohio.

The regions of the United States known as the North, South and West developed in the early 1800s largely based on their physical environments and economies.

Information displayed in circle graphs can be used to show relative proportions of segments of data to an entire body of data.

The choices made by individuals and governments have both present and future consequences.

The availability of productive resources (i.e., entrepreneurship, human resources, capital goods and natural resources) promotes specialization that could lead to trade.

The availability of productive resources and the division of labor can have a positive or negative impact on productive capacity.

Regions and countries become interdependent when they specialize in what they produce best and then trade with other regions to increase the amount and variety of goods and services available.

Workers can improve their ability to earn income by gaining new knowledge, skills and experiences.

Geographic tools can be used to gather, process and report information about people, places and environments. Cartographers decide which information to include in maps.

Latitude and longitude can be used to make observations about location and generalizations about climate

Regions can be determined using data related to various criteria including landform, climate, population, and cultural and economic characteristics.

The variety of physical environments within the Western Hemisphere influences human activities. Likewise, human activities modify the physical environments.

American Indians developed unique cultures with many different ways of life. American Indian tribes and nations can be classified into cultural groups based on geographic and cultural similarities.

Political, environmental, social and economic factors cause people, products and ideas to move from place to place in the Western Hemisphere and results in diversity.

The Western Hemisphere is culturally diverse (e.g., language, food, religion, art, music) due to the influences and interactions of a variety of world cultures.

Individuals can better understand public issues by gathering, interpreting and checking information for accuracy from multiple sources. Data can be displayed graphically to effectively and efficiently communicate information.

Democracies, dictatorships and monarchies are categories for understanding the relationship between those in power or authority and citizens.

Events can be arranged in order of occurrence using the conventions of B.C. and A.D. or B.C.E. and C.E.

Early Indian civilizations (Maya, Inca, Aztec, Mississippian) existed in the Western Hemisphere prior to the arrival of Europeans. These civilizations had developed unique governments, social structures, religions, technologies, and agricultural practices.

European exploration and colonization during the 1400s-1600s had lasting effects which can be used to understand the Western Hemisphere today.

Economists compare data sets to draw conclusions about relationships among them.

The choices made by individuals and governments have both present and future consequences. The evaluation of choices is relative and may differ across individuals and societies.

The fundamental questions of economics include what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce.

When regions and/or countries specialize, global trade occurs.

The interaction of supply and demand, influenced by competition, helps to determine price in a market. This interaction also determines the quantities of outputs produced and the quantities of productive resources (entrepreneurship, human resources, natural resources and capital) used.

When selecting items to buy, individuals can weigh costs and benefits and compare the price and quality of available goods and services.

Geographic tools can be used to gather, process and report information about people, places and environments. Cartographers decide which information to include and how it is displayed.

Latitude and longitude can be used to identify absolute location.

Regions can be determined, classified and compared using data related to various criteria including landform, climate, population, and cultural and economic characteristics

The variety of physical environments within the Eastern Hemisphere influences human activities. Likewise, human activities modify the physical environment.

Political, environmental, social and economic factors cause people, products and ideas to move from place to place in the Eastern Hemisphere in the past and today.

Diffusion of agricultural practices and products, technology, cultural practices and major world religions (Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism) impacted the Eastern Hemisphere.

Different perspectives on a topic can be obtained from a variety of historic and contemporary sources and used to effectively communicate and defend a claim based on evidence. Sources should be examined for accuracy and credibility.

Governments can be categorized as monarchies, theocracies, dictatorships or democracies, but categories may overlap and labels may not accurately represent how governments function. The extent of citizens' liberties and responsibilities varies according to limits on governmental authority.

Multiple tier timelines can be used to show relationships among events and places.

Early civilizations (India, Egypt, China and Mesopotamia) had unique governments, economic systems, social structures, religions, technologies and agricultural practices and products. The cultural practices and products of these early civilizations can be used to help understand the Eastern Hemisphere today.