Ohio K–6 technology standards

With guidance and support , use a classifier that recognizes drawings to see if a program can guess what they are drawing.

With guidance and support , identify how computers can recognize different humans using some form of recognition software to see how computers interact with humans.

With guidance and support, locate sensors on computers, robots and intelligent appliances to understand that devices use sensors to gather information.

With guidance and support, access intelligent agents to demonstrate how they work.

With guidance and support, use a simple decision tree to make a decision to visually and explicitly represent decisions and decision-making.

With guidance and support , locate AI applications used in daily life to understand how humans use AI.

Discuss if artificial intelligence is good or bad (see impacts of computing).

With guidance and support, model a real-world process by constructing and following step-by-step directions (i.e., algorithms) to complete tasks.

With guidance and support, model a sequence of instructions (i.e., program) with a beginning, middle and end to solve a problem or express an idea.

With guidance and support, plan or create an artifact to illustrate thoughts, ideas and problems in a sequential (step-by-step) manner (e.g., story map, storyboard, sequential graphic organizer).

Recognize that a group of items (e.g., numbers, symbols or pictures) can be used to represent data.

With guidance, identify and label commonly used devices and their components, explaining their connection to different tasks, to perform a variety of tasks.

With guidance and support, identify and use hardware and software necessary for accomplishing a task.

With guidance and support, use problem-solving strategies to troubleshoot a problem.

Identify data to collect and sort.

With guidance and support, demonstrate how data can be collected and stored in a variety of ways.

With guidance, create a model of an object or process to identify patterns.

With guidance, organize and present data in various formats to make observations.

With guidance and support, identify technologies that impact one's own everyday life.

With guidance and support, recognize different ways computing devices are used regularly to understand technology's impact on one’s own daily life.

With guidance and support, identify and use safe and responsible behaviors concerning information and technology.

With guidance, discuss appropriate uses of technology to support informed decisions.

With guidance and support, discuss examples of appropriate and inappropriate behavior online, including cyberbullying, and the steps to keep yourself and others safe and out of harm's way.

With guidance and support, identify and use secure practices (e.g., passwords) to protect private information.

With guidance and support, identify what smart devices are to recognize what devices are able to connect to the internet.

With guidance and support, recognize how devices connect and exchange data over the internet to demonstrate how information is shared.

With guidance and support, create a list of ways information can be shared electronically to gain a deeper understanding of how information is transmitted (e.g., email, social media).

With guidance and support, discuss how a classifier recognizes drawings to gain an understanding of how machine learning works.

Using recognition software, identify attributes that computers use for identification to explain how computers recognize humans.

With guidance and support, recognize sensors on computers, robots and intelligent appliances to understand their function, such as motion, pressure/touch, temperature, proximity, light, sound, moisture or gases.

With guidance and support, use intelligent agents to help answer simple questions.

Use a decision tree to make a decision.

Identify AI applications that are used in daily lives to predict AI use in the future.

Discuss if computers and other technology are good or bad to create a working construct.

With guidance, model a real-world process by constructing and following step-by-step directions (i.e., algorithms) to complete tasks.

With guidance, model a sequence of instructions (i.e., program) that includes repetition (i.e., loops) to solve a problem or express ideas.

With guidance, break down (i.e., decompose) a series of steps and separate the necessary from the unnecessary steps to create a precise sequence of instructions to solve a problem or express an idea.

With guidance, plan and create an artifact to illustrate thoughts, ideas and problems in a sequential (step-by-step) manner (e.g., story map, storyboard, sequential graphic organizer).

With guidance, identify and fix (i.e., debug) a multi-step process that includes sequencing.

Categorize a group of items (e.g., numbers, symbols or pictures) based on the attributes or actions of each item, with or without a computing device.

Operate commonly used devices and their components to perform a variety of tasks.

With guidance, describe and use hardware and software necessary for accomplishing a task.

With guidance, use problem solving strategies to troubleshoot a problem.

With guidance, collect and organize data to retrieve for later use.

With guidance, demonstrate how data can be collected and stored in a variety of ways.

Create and explain a model of an object or process that includes patterns and key elements.

Organize and present data in various formats to make observations.

Discuss different technologies and their impact on everyday life.

Identify how people use and are impacted by many types of technologies in their daily work and personal lives.

With guidance, describe safe and responsible behaviors for the use of information and technology.

With guidance, discuss appropriate and ethical uses of technology to guide informed decisions.

Discuss examples of appropriate and inappropriate behavior online, including cyberbullying, and the steps to keep yourself and others safe and out of harm's way.

Identify and use secure practices (e.g., passwords) to protect private information.

Identify, use and discuss examples of how devices can be used with good and bad intentions.

Identify what smart devices are and how they connect to the internet.

Recognize how devices connect and exchange data over the internet to demonstrate how information is shared.

Create a list of ways information can be shared electronically to gain a deeper understanding of how information is transmitted (e.g., email, social media).

Recognize that computing devices can be connected to retrieve information from the global community.

Use a classifier that recognizes drawings and discuss how the program knows what they are drawing.

List possible attributions computers can use to distinguish humans from each other by comparing these attributions.

Tell where sensors are on computers, robots and intelligent appliances to relate their location with their function such as motion, pressure/touch, temperature, proximity, light, sound, moisture or gases.

Apply the use of intelligent agents to assist in basic research (look up answers to specific questions).

With guidance and support, create a simple decision tree (conditionals) to create a pathway for decisions.

To determine how AI can help in daily life, group applications used into two categories: “AI” and “Not AI.”

Discuss AI and how it can be used for good or bad to discuss the ethical use of AI.

Model a real-world process by constructing and following step-by-step instructions (i.e., algorithms) to complete tasks.

Develop a program that uses sequencing and repetition (i.e., loops) to solve a problem or express ideas.

Break down (i.e., decompose) a series of steps and separate the necessary from the unnecessary steps to create a precise sequence of instructions to solve a problem or express an idea.

Plan and create an artifact to illustrate thoughts, ideas and problems in a sequential (step-by-step) manner (e.g., story map, storyboard, sequential graphic organizer).

Identify and fix (i.e., debug) a multi-step process that includes sequencing.

Construct a model that shows the way programs store and manipulate data by using numbers or other symbols to represent information.

Select and operate commonly used devices to perform a variety of tasks.

Select and use hardware and software necessary for accomplishing a task.

Use problem solving strategies to troubleshoot a problem.

Collect and organize data to store, retrieve and modify.

Manipulate data to perform various tasks.

Interpret and analyze data, graphs, models or charts.

Organize, analyze and present data in various formats.

Compare and contrast how the use of technology has changed to understand its impact on everyday life.

Describe the ways people use technologies in their daily work and personal lives to understand technology's impact on one's community.

Compare and contrast safe and responsible behaviors to those that are not when using information and technology.

Discuss appropriate and ethical uses of technology to guide informed decisions.

Compare and contrast appropriate and inappropriate behavior online, including cyberbullying, and the steps to keep yourself and others safe and out of harm's way.

Explain and demonstrate secure practices (e.g., creating strong passwords) to protect private information.

Identify and discuss examples of how devices can be used with good and bad intentions.

With guidance and support, explain how devices connect and exchange data over different environments to explore how information is shared.

Describe how information can be communicated electronically to gain a deeper understanding of how information is transmitted (e.g., email, social media).

Use computing devices that are connected to share and receive information from the global community.

Label three different machine learning approaches to identify them to see different approaches.

Give examples of bias to understand what it is and how it affects machine learning.

Identify tasks that use AI to perform human tasks to understand how humans rely on AI.

Locate AI systems that are designed to help everyone have equal access.

Use different sensors, analog and digital, and discuss the difference between them.

Describe what computer perception is and how it affects computers to see how it compares to human perception.

With guidance and support, create a classification system using a tree structure to understand how computers think.

Use AI to answer questions and describe how the answer is reasonable.

Define what a bias is to understand how it can influence humans.

Construct and reflect on errors in an algorithm to accomplish a given task.

Create a program using sequences, events, loops and conditionals to solve a problem.

Decompose (i.e., break down) the steps needed or not needed (i.e., abstraction) into precise sequences of instructions to design an algorithm.

Use a design process to plan the development of a program that solves problems.

Using a given program known to contain errors, identify and debug errors to ensure it works.

Define and identify a variable, a placeholder for storing a value, to understand how it is used in a multi-step process (i.e., algorithm).

Explore common components (i.e., parts) of a computing system and their function to understand and describe the role they play in a computer system.

Identify and use digital learning tools/devices to support planning, implementing and reflecting upon a defined task.

Apply troubleshooting strategies given problems and solutions to resolve hardware and software problems.

Collect quantitative data over time from multiple sources to perform various tasks.

Identify different types of information to store in different formats.

Utilize data to make predictions and discuss whether there is adequate data to make reliable predictions.

Create a chart or graph to inform a target audience about observations and data collected.

Identify computing technologies that have changed the world and express how those technologies influence and are influenced by cultural practice.

Identify how computing devices have built-in features to increase accessibility to all users.

Collaborate and consider diverse perspectives to improve digital artifacts.

Use public domain or Creative Commons media, and refrain from copying or using material created by others without permission.

Determine whether information should be shared or kept private to protect student identity.

Communicate the importance of information security to protect one's own digital footprint.

Explain why different types of information might need to be protected, describing common safeguards for protecting personal information.

Explore digital safety concepts in order to explain that information can be both public and private, to determine what information can safely be shared and to know how to use passwords to protect information.

Explore and explain grade-appropriate examples of unsafe content, such as pop-ups and malicious links.

Describe how devices send and receive information over physical or wireless paths to identify how information is transmitted.

Define intelligent devices and describe the difference between smart devices and intelligent devices to identify the difference in their capabilities.

Describe how communication occurs when information is sent and received over physical or wireless paths to explain communication systems (e.g., sending an email or visiting a website).

Recognize that every device on a network has a unique identification to share or receive information from the global community.

Explain three different machine learning approaches to choose which may be best for a given situation.

Explain how machine learning can create a bias to understand how computers can be biased.

Describe tasks where AI outperforms human tasks and when it does not to describe how humans rely on AI.

Use AI systems that are designed to be inclusive and describe how they affect the humans who use them.

Give examples of bias to demonstrate how it can affect decision-making.

Describe the difference between analog and digital signals to understand their uses.

Give examples of computer perception to understand how it is affected by the environment.

Create a classification system using a tree structure to understand binary solutions.

Describe how AI represents knowledge to make a reasonable answer.

Give examples of bias to demonstrate how it can affect specific groups of people.

Construct and refine an algorithm to accomplish a given task.

Create a program using sequences, events, loops and conditionals to solve a problem.

Decompose (i.e., break down) the steps needed or not needed (i.e., abstraction) into precise sequences of instructions to design an algorithm.

Use a design process to plan and develop a program that addresses a multi-step problem.

Using guided questions, work through a program to identify errors and discuss possible solutions to repair the program.

Identify and use a variable, a placeholder for storing a value, to understand how it works in a multi-step process (i.e., algorithm).

Explore external components (i.e., parts) of a computing system and their function to understand and describe the role they play in a computer system.

Select and use digital learning tools/devices to support planning, implementing and reflecting upon a defined task.

Diagnose problems and select an appropriate solution from a list of problems and solutions to resolve hardware and software issues.

Gather and organize multiple quantitative data elements using a tool to perform various tasks.

Identify techniques and formats to store, process and retrieve different types of information.

Utilize data to make predictions and discuss whether there is adequate data to make reliable predictions.

Organize data into subsets to provide different views or commonalities and present insights gained using visual or other types of representations.

List examples of computing technologies that have changed the global community to express how those technologies influenced and are influenced by cultural practice.

Identify and anticipate diverse user needs to increase accessibility to all users.

Collaborate and consider diverse perspectives to improve digital artifacts.

Use public domain or Creative Commons media, and refrain from copying or using material created by others without permission.

Explain why information should be shared or kept private to protect student identity.

Communicate the importance of protecting your digital footprint.

Describe tradeoffs between allowing information to be public and keeping information private and secure.

Explain the effect of cyber bullying and who to tell if this is happening.

Describe what information should be protected and the importance of a secure password to protect information.

Describe and explain safe usage of various online services such as web, email, video, gaming, cloud services and networked drives.

Explore how information is transferred to the internet from smart and intelligent devices to recognize how the internet and networks operate.

Describe how transferred information is tagged using identifiers to transmit information about the user so students begin to learn that no information on the internet is anonymous.

Describe how information is broken down to be transmitted over a network to help students gain a better understanding of the internet and networks.

Describe network addresses, names and rules (i.e., protocols) to share or receive information from the global community

Compare three different machine learning approaches to solve a problem.

Describe how algorithms and machine learning can exhibit biases to be aware of how humans introduce bias into algorithms and machine learning.

Describe tasks where AI outperforms human tasks and when it does not and propose possible ways to have AI perform more human tasks.

Describe ways that AI systems can be designed to support inclusivity.

Describe how sensor inputs are converted as analog or digital signals to describe their uses.

Demonstrate a limitation of computer perception to understand how computers interact with humans.

Create a classification system using a tree structure to demonstrate binary solutions.

Describe how AI representations support reasoning to answer questions.

Explore how data is influenced by bias and how it affects decision-making to defend arguments in AI.

Evaluate a multi-step process to diagram the proper steps to solve a problem.

Create a program using sequences, events, loops and conditionals to solve a problem.

Decompose (i.e., break down) the steps needed or not needed (i.e., abstraction) into precise sequences of instructions to design an algorithm.

With grade appropriate complexity, modify, remix or incorporate portions of an existing program into one's own work, to develop something new or add more advanced features.

Use a design process to plan and develop a program that includes multiple steps and end user preferences.

Using guided questions, work through a program to identify errors and discuss possible solutions to repair the program.

Create a variable, a placeholder for storing a value, to understand how it is used in a multi-step process (i.e., algorithm).

Explore the internal parts of the computing system and their function to understand and describe the role they play in a computer system.

Evaluate digital learning tools/devices to support planning, implementing and reflecting across curricular areas.

Diagnose problems and develop strategies to resolve technology issues.

Gather and organize multiple quantitative data elements using a tool to perform various tasks.

Compare and contrast file formats to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Utilize data to propose cause and effect relationships and predict outcomes.

Organize and present collected data using visual or other types of representations to highlight relationships and support a claim.

Explain how computing technologies have changed the global community and express how those technologies influence and are influenced by cultural practices.

Develop, test and refine digital artifacts to improve accessibility and usability.

Collaborate and consider diverse perspectives to improve digital artifacts.

Use public domain or Creative Commons media, and refrain from copying or using material created by others without permission.

Communicate the effects of sharing personal information on the safety of student identity to determine how to protect students.

Evaluate the need to keep personal information secure and protect the digital footprint.

Analyze different forms of cyberbullying and identify strategies to stop cyberbullying.

Demonstrate password creation techniques to develop and use a strong password used on personal accounts.

Explore and utilize safe online services such as web, email, video, gaming, cloud services and network attached storage devices.

Learn and model how information is broken down to be transmitted by smart devices to help students visualize how information transfers over the internet.

Explore the benefits of the IoT with regards to convenience, safety and health to gain an appreciation of the risks involved in using devices, including data theft, identity theft, tracking and other forms of criminality.

Model how information is broken down to be transmitted and then reassembled to help students gain a better understanding of the internet and networks.

Apply knowledge of network addresses, names and rules (i.e., protocols) to discuss real-world scenarios.

Contrast the unique characteristics of human learning with the ways machine learning systems operate to identify the limitations of machine learning.

Illustrate the structure of a neural network to describe how its parts form a set of functions that compute an output.

Individually and collaboratively compare language processing algorithms to solve a problem based on a given criteria (e.g., time, resource, accessibility).

Identify and describe how computers mimic human behavior to better serve humans.

Give examples of different types of computer perception that can extract meaning from sensory signals to understand how computers collect information from sensors.

Give examples of how humans combine information from multiple modalities to understand how computers use sensors to collect data.

Give examples of different types of computer perception that can extract meaning from sensory signals to show the connection between sensors and computer perception.

Classify a given image (e.g., "traffic scene", "nature scene", "social gathering", etc.) and then describe the kinds of knowledge a computer would need in order to understand scenes of this type to utilize the image in an algorithm.

Illustrate how a computer can solve a maze, find a route on a map or reason about concepts in a knowledge graph by drawing a search tree.

Identify and explain how humans have control in curating training datasets to identify bias in machine learning.

Identify and explain how algorithmic bias impacts artificial intelligence systems to prevent bias in future datasets.

Compare and refine multiple algorithms for the same task to determine which is the most efficient.

Identify and trace decisions and loops that exist in a multi-step process within a program.

Decompose problems into parts to facilitate the design, implementation and review of programs.

Write code that utilizes algorithms, variables and control structures to solve problems or as a creative expression.

Test and trace to debug and refine code.

Identify unknown values that need to be represented by a variable within a multi-step process.

Create variables and use them within a multi-step process.

Identify the benefits and limitations of a given computing device's functions (including individual components) to explain how the functions and components work together to create the computing system.

Identify ways that hardware and software work together as a system to collect and exchange data.

Use a systematic process to identify and evaluate the source of a routine computing problem. Select the best solution to solve the computing problem and communicate the solution to others.

Identify and use an appropriate digital data collection tool to compile information.

Select and utilize appropriate file formats to organize collected data.

Utilize a file structure to logically organize data to support individual and collaborative work.

Identify and utilize data sets to support or refute a hypothesis.

Identify and label patterns in models or representations to infer connections between data sets.

Create a spreadsheet utilizing formulas, functions and graphs to represent and analyze data.

Identify the change that current technologies have on people's everyday activities to understand the impact within a society.

Identify issues of bias and accessibility in the design of existing technologies to address equality and equity in society.

Identify and explore careers related to the field of computer science.

Analyze and present beneficial and harmful effects of electronic communications to understand their impacts on interpersonal, global, economic, political, business and cultural interactions.

Describe tradeoffs between allowing information to be public and keeping information private and secure to inform decision -making .

Identify the social and economic implications of privacy in the context of safety, law or ethics to understand how privacy impacts these areas.

Evaluate the development of new technologies in communication, entertainment and business to understand the impact.

Provide appropriate credit when using resources or artifacts that are not our own.

Differentiate between the appropriate and inappropriate content on the internet and identify unethical and illegal online behavior.

Identify cybersecurity concerns and measures needed to protect electronic information.

Identify the different types of malware to understand threats to data security.

Identify ways to protect private information.

Define and explore aspects of embedded devices, smart devices and intelligent devices and the way they record, observe and mimic human habits.

Identify and define blockchains to recognize how every device made has unique identifiers and the weaknesses that allow programmers and hackers to see personally identifiable information.

Identify the role of hardware components to understand the infrastructure of networks and the internet (including cloud servers).

Identify protocols (i.e., rules) and explain why they are used to transmit data across networks and the internet.