Pennsylvania K–6 health standards

Identify and describe the stages of growth and development.<ul><li>infancy</li><li>childhood</li><li>adolescence</li><li>adulthood</li><li>late adulthood</li></ul>

Identify and know the location and function of the major body organs and systems.<ul><li>circulatory</li><li>respiratory</li><li>muscular</li><li>skeletal</li><li>digestive</li></ul>

Explain the role of the food guide pyramid in helping people eat a healthy diet.<ul><li>food groups</li><li>number of servings</li><li>variety of food</li><li>nutrients</li></ul>

Know age appropriate drug information.<ul><li>definition of drugs</li><li>effects of drugs</li><li>proper use of medicine</li><li>healthy/unhealthy risk-taking (e.g. inhalant use, smoking)</li><li>skills to avoid drugs</li></ul>

Identify types and causes of common health problems of children.<ul><li>infectious diseases (e.g., colds, flu, chickenpox)</li><li>noninfectious diseases (e.g. asthma, hay fever, allergies, lyme disease)</li><li>germs</li><li>pathogens</li><li>heredity</li></ul>

Identify personal hygiene practices and community helpers that promote health and prevent the spread of disease.

Identify health-related information.<ul><li>signs and symbols</li><li>terminology</li><li>products and services</li></ul>

Identify media sources that influence health and safety.

Identify the steps in a decision-making process.

Identify environmental factors that affect health.<ul><li>pollution (e.g., air, water, noise, soil)</li><li>waste disposal</li><li>temperature extremes</li><li>insects/animals</li></ul>

Recognize safe/unsafe practices in the home, school and community.<ul><li>general (e.g., fire, electrical, animals)</li><li> modes of transportation(e.g., pedestrian, bicycle, vehicular)</li><li>outdoor (e.g., play, weather, water)</li><li>safe around people (e.g., safe/unsafe touch, abuse, stranger, bully)</li></ul>

Recognize emergency situations and explain appropriate responses.<ul><li>importance of remaining calm</li><li>how to call for help</li><li>simple assistance procedures </li><li>how to protect self</li></ul>

Recognize conflict situations and identify strategies to avoid or resolve.<ul><li>walk away</li><li>I-statements</li><li>refusal skills</li><li>adult intervention</li></ul>

Identify and use safe practices in physical activity settings (e.g., proper equipment, knowledge of rules, sun safety, guidelines of safe play, warm-up, cool-down).

Describe growth and development changes that occur between childhood and adolescence and identify factors that can influence these changes.<ul><li>education</li><li>socioeconomic</li></ul>

Identify and describe the structure and function of the major body systems.<ul><li>nervous</li><li>muscular</li><li>integumentary</li><li>urinary</li><li>endocrine</li><li>reproductive</li><li>immune</li></ul>

Analyze nutritional concepts that impact health.<ul><li>caloric content of foods</li><li>relationship of food intake and physical activity (energy output)</li><li>nutrient requirements</li><li>label reading</li><li>healthful food selection</li></ul>

Explain factors that influence childhood and adolescent drug use.<ul><li>peer influence</li><li>body image (e.g., steroids, enhancers)</li><li>social acceptance </li><li>stress</li><li>media influence</li><li>decision-making/refusal skills </li><li>rules, regulations and laws</li><li>consequences</li></ul>

Explain the relationship between personal health practices and individual well-being.<ul><li>immunizations</li><li>health examinations</li></ul>

Explain the relationship between health-related information and consumer choices.<ul><li>dietary guidelines/food selection</li><li>sun exposure guidelines/sunscreen selection</li></ul>

Explain the media's effect on health and safety issues.

Describe and apply the steps of a decision-making process to health and safety issues.

Analyze environmental factors that impact health.<ul><li>indoor air quality (e.g., second-hand smoke, allergens)</li><li>chemicals, metals, gases (e.g., lead, radon, carbon monoxide)</li><li>radiation</li><li>natural disasters</li></ul>

Explain and apply safe practices in the home, school and community.<ul><li>emergencies (e.g., fire, natural disasters)</li><li>personal safety (e.g., home alone, latch key, harassment)</li><li>communication (e.g., telephone, Internet)</li><li>violence prevention (e.g., gangs, weapons)</li></ul>

Know and apply appropriate emergency responses.<ul><li>basic first aid</li><li>Heimlich maneuver</li><li>universal precautions</li></ul>

Describe strategies to avoid or manage conflict and violence.<ul><li>anger management</li><li>peer mediation</li><li>reflective listening</li><li>negotiation</li></ul>

Analyze the role of individual responsibility for safety during physical activity.