YourStateStandards

Pennsylvania K–6 social studies standards

Pennsylvania writes its own social studies standards. They are published as Pennsylvania Academic Standards for Civics and Government, Economics, Geography, and History, adopted 2009 and are not a version of a national framework. 343 of 442 are matched to a national standard.

442 rows, PA's own codes (5.x Civics, 6.x Economics, 7.x Geography, 8.x History). Verified 100% text-present / 99.8% code-present against PA's own per-grade documents on static.pdesas.org/content/documents/: the four 'Grades Pre-K-3' (2012) editions supply grades K-3 and the four 'Grades 3-8 / Elementary' (2009) editions supply grades 4-8 (one doc per subject). Column-grid docs whose empty cells are marked 'Intentionally Blank'; the ~70 PDF-only codes are those blanks, so no real standards were dropped. Crosswalk to ncss/C3 not yet done (crosswalk-only defer).

Framework
Pennsylvania Academic Standards for Civics and Government, Economics, Geography, and History
Adopted
2009/2012
Source last checked
August 1, 2026
Read the official document

442 standards, kindergarten through 6th grade

  • 5.1.K.AK
    Explain the purpose of rules.
  • 5.1.K.BK
    Explain the need for rules.
  • 5.1.K.CK
    Define respect for self and others.
  • 5.1.K.EK
    Demonstrate responsibilities in the classroom.
  • 5.1.K.FK
    Identify significant American holidays and their symbols.
  • 5.2.K.AK
    Identify responsibilities at school.
  • 5.2.K.BK
    Identify a problem and discuss possible solutions.
  • 5.2.K.CK
    Identify classroom projects/activities that support leadership and service.
  • 5.2.K.DK
    Explain responsible classroom behavior.
  • 5.3.K.BK
    Identify the role of adults in authority at home or in school.
  • 5.3.K.CK
    Identify roles of fire fighters, police officers, and emergency workers.
  • 5.3.K.FK
    Identify and explain behaviors for responsible classroom citizens .
  • 5.4.K.AK
    Identify conflict in the classroom.
  • 5.4.K.BK
    Identify how students can work together.
  • 6.1.K.AK
    Identify how scarcity influences choice.
  • 6.1.K.BK
    Identify family wants and needs.
  • 6.1.K.CK
    Identify choices to meet needs.
  • 6.1.K.DK
    Identify a choice based on family interest.
  • 6.2.K.AK
    Identify goods and consumers.
  • 6.2.K.CK
    Identify advertisements that encourage us to buy things.
  • 6.2.K.DK
    Identify currency and how it is used.
  • 6.3.K.DK
    Identify products produced in the region or state.
  • 6.4.K.AK
    Identify the specialized role performed by each member of the family.
  • 6.4.K.DK
    Identify individual wants and needs.
  • 6.5.5KCK
    Identify goods and services provided by local businesses.
  • 6.5.K.AK
    Identify individuals who volunteer in the community.
  • 7.1.K.AK
    Interpret a simple map of a known environment.
  • 7.1.K.BK
    Describe the location of places in the home, school, and community to gain an understanding of relative location.
  • 7.2.K.AK
    Describe the characteristics of homes and businesses located in the community to gain an understanding of physical features.
  • 7.2.K.BK
    Identify land and water forms.
  • 7.3.K.AK
    Describe how weather affects daily life.
  • 7.4.K.AK
    Identify local bodies of water and landforms to gain an understanding of their impact on the local community.
  • 8.1.K.AK
    Identify chronological sequence through days, weeks, months, and years (calendar time).
  • 8.1.K.BK
    With guidance and support, differentiate facts from opinions as related to an event.
  • 8.1.K.CK
    Explain how to locate information in a source.
  • 8.2.K.AK
    Identify people in authority.
  • 8.2.K.BK
    Examine photographs of documents, artifacts, and paces unique to Pennsylvania.
  • 8.2.K.DK
    Demonstrate an understanding of conflict.
  • 8.3.K.AK
    Identify American people related to national holidays.
  • 8.3.K.BK
    Identify documents and artifacts important to the classroom community.
  • 8.3.K.CK
    Demonstrate an understanding of time order.
  • 8.4.K.AK
    Explain how cultures celebrate.
  • 8.4.K.CK
    Identify different celebrations of different cultures from around the world.
  • 8.4.K.DK
    Demonstrate an understanding of conflict and cooperation.
  • 5.1.1.A1
    Explain the purposes of rules in the classroom and school community.
  • 5.1.1.B1
    Explain the importance of rules in the classroom.
  • 5.1.1.C1
    Define equality and the need to treat everyone equally.
  • 5.1.1.D1
    Explain the importance of written rules and laws.
  • 5.1.1.E1
    Describe students' responsibilities in the school and community.
  • 5.1.1.F1
    Identify national symbols.
  • 5.2.1.A1
    Identify and explain the importance of responsibilities at school and at home.
  • 5.2.1.B1
    Identify a problem and attempt to solve with adult or peer assistance.
  • 5.2.1.C1
    Identify school projects/activities that support leadership and public service.
  • 5.2.1.D1
    Explain responsible school behavior.
  • 5.3.1.A1
    Identify the roles of local government (fire, police, etc.).
  • 5.3.1.B1
    Identify the services of local government.
  • 5.3.1.C1
    Identify the value of fire fighters, police officers and emergency workers in the community.
  • 5.3.1.D1
    Identify positions of authority in the classroom community.
  • 5.3.1.E1
    Identify situations in the school or community when it is beneficial to have an elected official represent the people.
  • 5.3.1.F1
    Identify and explain behaviors for responsible classroom citizens and possible consequences for inappropriate action.
  • 5.3.1.I1
    Provide examples of taxation.
  • 5.3.6.J1
    Describe situations where voting eases conflict.
  • 5.4.1.A1
    Identify ways to avoid conflict.
  • 5.4.1.B1
    Describe how classrooms can work together.
  • 5.4.1.D1
    Identify different means of receiving information/news.
  • 5.4.1.E1
    Explain how a classroom community reaches compromise.
  • 6.1.1.A1
    Identify scarcity of resources within the family.
  • 6.1.1.B1
    Identify classroom wants and needs.
  • 6.1.1.C1
    Identify choice based on needs versus wants.
  • 6.1.1.D1
    Identify a choice based on classroom interest.
  • 6.2.1.A1
    Identify goods, consumers, and producers.
  • 6.2.1.C1
    Identify advertisements that encourage us to buy things based on want rather than need.
  • 6.2.1.D1
    Explain the role of money in determining price.
  • 6.2.1.E1
    Identify the impact on a community when a business opens.
  • 6.2.1.G1
    Define an economic system at the individual level.
  • 6.3.1.A1
    Identify examples of goods and services.
  • 6.3.1.D1
    Identify products produced in the United States.
  • 6.4.1.A1
    Identify specialization of work in the community.
  • 6.4.1.D1
    Describe how individuals differ in their wants and needs and why people buy and sell things.
  • 6.5.1.A1
    Identify individuals who work for wages in the community.
  • 6.5.1.B1
    Identify different jobs and the purpose of each.
  • 6.5.1.C1
    Identify businesses and their corresponding goods and service.
  • 6.5.1.D1
    Identify ways to earn money.
  • 6.5.1.E1
    Describe what tools (tangible assets) are necessary to complete a task.
  • 6.5.1.F1
    Identify buyers and sellers (people) buy and sell things.
  • 6.5.1.G1
    Explain the need to save money.
  • 7.1.1.A1
    Identify geographic tools.
  • 7.1.1.B1
    Describe places in geographic reference in physical features.
  • 7.2.1.A1
    Identify physical characteristics in the community and region.
  • 7.2.1.B1
    Identify the basic physical processes that affect the physical characteristics of places.
  • 7.3.1.A1
    Identify the local climate and how it determines the way people live.
  • 7.4.1.A1
    Describe how lakes, rivers, and streams impact people.
  • 8.1.1.A1
    Demonstrate an understanding of chronology.
  • 8.1.1.B1
    Identify a problem or dilemma surrounding an event.
  • 8.1.1.C1
    Identify sources of historical information.
  • 8.2.1.A1
    Identify groups of people who contribute to a community.
  • 8.2.1.B1
    Identify symbols, slogans, or mottos that are representative of the state.
  • 8.2.1.C1
    Identify holiday and cultural celebrations in a community and why they are celebrated.
  • 8.2.1.D1
    Identify historical conflict in the community.
  • 8.3.1.A1
    Identify Americans who played a significant role in American history.
  • 8.3.1.B1
    Identify American landmarks and their significance.
  • 8.3.1.C1
    Identify examples of change.
  • 8.3.1.D1
    Identify conflict and describe ways to cooperate with others by making smart choices.
  • 8.4.1.A1
    Explain why cultures celebrate.
  • 8.4.1.B1
    Explain the importance of world landmarks.
  • 8.4.1.C1
    Identify holidays and ceremonies of selected world cultures.
  • 8.4.1.D1
    Describe examples of conflict and cooperation in the classroom community.
  • 5.3.6.H1–6
    Explain how information /news is conveyed to the public.
  • 5.1.2.A2
    Explain the purposes of rules and their consequences in the classroom and school community.
  • 5.1.2.B2
    Explain the importance of rules in the classroom and school community.
  • 5.1.2.C2
    Define fairness in working with others.
  • 5.1.2.D2
    Explain why school rules are written and posted.
  • 5.1.2.E2
    Describe citizens' responsibilities to the state of Pennsylvania and the nation.
  • 5.1.2.F2
    Identify state symbols.
  • 5.2.2.A2
    Identify and explain the importance of responsibilities at school at home and the community.
  • 5.2.2.B2
    Identify a problem and probable solution.
  • 5.2.2.C2
    Identify community projects/activities that support leadership and public service.
  • 5.2.2.D2
    Explain responsible community behavior.
  • 5.3.2.A2
    Identify the role government plays in the community (education, transportation).
  • 5.3.2.B2
    Identify local government leaders.
  • 5.3.2.C2
    Identify other types of services provided by local government.
  • 5.3.2.D2
    Identify positions of authority at school.
  • 5.3.2.E2
    Describe situations in the state or nation when having an elected official represent the people is beneficial.
  • 5.3.2.F2
    Identify and explain behaviors for responsible school citizens and possible consequences for inappropriate action.
  • 5.3.2.I2
    Define taxes and why they are paid.
  • 5.3.7.H2
    Identify different forms of media.
  • 5.3.7.J2
    Identify the responsibilities of voters after the vote.
  • 5.4.2.A2
    Explain examples of conflict in the community, state, and nation.
  • 5.4.2.B2
    Identify ways that countries can work together.
  • 5.4.2.C2
    Explain why nations need to work together for peace.
  • 5.4.2.D2
    Identify the different types of media.
  • 5.4.2.E2
    Explain how a community reaches compromise.
  • 6.1.2.A2
    Identify scarcity of resources within the school community.
  • 6.1.2.B2
    Identify community wants and needs.
  • 6.1.2.C2
    Explain how choice has consequences.
  • 6.1.2.D2
    Identify a choice based on community interest.
  • 6.2.2.A2
    Identify goods, services , consumers, and producers in the local community.
  • 6.2.2.B2
    Differentiate between markets and competition
  • 6.2.2.C2
    Define personal choice as related to buying an item.
  • 6.2.2.D2
    Explain how demand for a consumer good impacts price.
  • 6.2.2.E2
    Identify the impact on a community when a business closes.
  • 6.2.2.F2
    Describe the role of financial institutions as related to consumers' financial needs.
  • 6.2.2.G2
    Identify examples of an economic system.
  • 6.3.2.A2
    Identify examples of goods and services provided by the private sector.
  • 6.3.2.C2
    Define taxes and who pays them.
  • 6.3.2.D2
    Identify products produced outside the United States.
  • 6.4.2.A2
    Identify local examples of specialization of work.
  • 6.4.2.D2
    Identify buyers and sellers and how their wants and needs are addressed.
  • 6.4.72C2
    Identify products that come from many different countries.
  • 6.5.2.A2
    Explain how money earned by individuals is used to meet needs and wants.
  • 6.5.2.B2
    Different how different job skills impact earnings.
  • 6.5.2.C2
    Describe the roles of local businesses.
  • 6.5.2.D2
    Describe money saving behaviors.
  • 6.5.2.E2
    Describe the qualities that may be necessary to complete a task.
  • 6.5.2.F2
    Explain the responsibilities of a business owner.
  • 6.5.2.G2
    Identify how saving for a purchase occurs over time.
  • 6.5.2.H2
    Describe why people save money in the local bank.
  • 7.1.1A2
    Identify how basic geographic tools are used to organize information.
  • 7.1.71B2
    Describe regions in geographic reference using physical features.
  • 7.2.2.A2
    Identify the physical characteristics of places.
  • 7.2.2.B2
    Identify the basic physical processes that affect the physical characteristics regions.
  • 7.3.2.A2
    Identify the effect of local geography on the residents of the region (food, clothing, industry, trade, types of shelter, etc.).
  • 7.4.2.A2
    Identify how environmental changes can impact people.
  • 8.1.2.A2
    Read and interpret information on simple timelines.
  • 8.1.2.B2
    Identify documents relating to an event.
  • 8.1.2.C2
    Apply sources of historical information.
  • 8.2.2.A2
    Identify historical figures in the local community.
  • 8.2.2.B2
    Identify important buildings, statutes, and monuments associated with the state's history.
  • 8.2.2.C2
    Identify how commerce and industry and social organizations have changed over time in Pennsylvania.
  • 8.2.2.D2
    Identify how conflict is impacted by ethnicity and race, working conditions, immigration, military conflict, and economics.
  • 8.3.2.A2
    Identify groups and organizations and their contributions to the United States.
  • 8.3.2.B2
    Identify American artifacts and their importance in American history.
  • 8.3.2.C2
    Identify facts related to how different people describe the same event at different time periods.
  • 8.3.2.D2
    Demonstrate an understanding of how different groups describe the same event or situation.
  • 8.4.2.A2
    Explain why cultures have commemorations and remembrances.
  • 8.4.2.B2
    Explain the significance of historical documents on world history.
  • 8.4.2.C2
    Identify how cultures have commemorations and remembrances.
  • 8.4.2.D2
    Identify global issues that require cooperation among nations.
  • 5.1.3.A3
    Explain the purposes of rules, laws, and consequences.
  • 5.1.3.B3
    Explain rules and laws for the classroom, school, and community.
  • 5.1.3.C3
    Define the principles and ideals shaping local government.
    • Liberty/Freedom
    • Democracy
    • Justice
    • Equality
  • 5.1.3.D3
    Identify key ideas about government found in significant documents:
    • Declaration of Independence
    • United States Constitution
    • Bill of Rights
    • Pennsylvania Constitution
  • 5.1.3.E3
    Identify the rights of an American citizen.
  • 5.1.3.F3
    Identify state symbols, national symbols, and national holidays.
  • 5.2.3.A3
    Identify personal rights and responsibilities.
  • 5.2.3.B3
    Identify the sources of conflict and disagreement and different ways conflict can be resolved.
  • 5.2.3.C3
    Identify leadership and public service opportunities in the school, community, state, and nation.
  • 5.2.3.D3
    Describe how citizens participate in school and community activities.
  • 5.3.3.A3
    Identify the roles of the three branches of government.
  • 5.3.3.B3
    Identify how laws are made in the local community.
  • 5.3.3.C3
    Identify services performed by the local government.
  • 5.3.3.D3
    Identify positions of authority at school and community.
  • 5.3.3.E3
    Explain the purpose for elections.
  • 5.3.3.F3
    Explain how an action may be just or unjust.
  • 5.3.3.G3
    Identify individual interests and explain ways to influence others.
  • 5.3.3.H3
    Explain how the media can impact government.
  • 5.3.3.I3
    Explain the role of taxes in operating government.
  • 5.3.3.J3
    Identify key ideals of the form of government practiced in the United States.
  • 5.4.3.A3
    Identify conflicts in the world using a map/globe.
  • 5.4.3.B3
    Describe the roles of world leaders.
  • 5.4.3.C3
    Identify the role of the United Nations in the world.
  • 5.4.3.D3
    Describe the different roles of the media.
  • 5.4.3.E3
    Explain compromise as a conflict resolution strategy.
  • 6.1.3.A3
    Define scarcity and identify examples of resources, wants, and needs.
  • 6.1.3.B3
    Identify needs and wants of people. Identify examples of natural, human, and capital resources.
  • 6.1.3.C3
    Explain what is given up when making a choice.
  • 6.1.3.D3
    Identify reasons why people make a choice.
  • 6.2.3.A3
    Identify goods, services, consumers, and producers in the local community.
  • 6.2.3.B3
    Identify competing sellers in the local market.
  • 6.2.3.C3
    Identify types of advertising designed to influence personal choice.
  • 6.2.3.D3
    Demonstrate the importance of money in everyday life.
  • 6.2.3.E3
    Describe the effect of local businesses opening and closing.
  • 6.2.3.F3
    Identify private economic institutions.
  • 6.2.3.G3
    Identify characteristics of the local economy.
  • 6.3.3.A3
    Identify goods and services provided by the government.
  • 6.3.3.B3
    Identify examples of government involvement in local economic activities.
  • 6.3.3.C3
    Define tax and explain the relationship between taxation and government services .
  • 6.3.3.D3
    Describe how government is important to the economic system.
  • 6.4.3.A3
    Identify local examples of specialization and division of labor.
  • 6.4.3.B3
    Identify examples of trade, imports, and exports in the local community.
  • 6.4.3.C3
    Identify different organizations that are part of the economic system (banks, small businesses, big corporations).
  • 6.4.3.D3
    Describe how buyers make choices about their wants and needs through purchases.
  • 6.5.3.A3
    Explain why people work.
  • 6.5.3.B3
    Explain the differences in earnings by those in different jobs.
  • 6.5.3.C3
    Describe how different businesses meet the needs and wants of families.
  • 6.5.3.D3
    Describe the result of spending savings.
  • 6.5.3.E3
    Identify tangible and intangible assets.
  • 6.5.3.F3
    Define entrepreneurship.
  • 6.5.3.G3
    Define saving and explain why people save.
  • 6.5.3.H3
    Identify the role of banks in our local community.
  • 7.1.3.A3
    Identify how basic geographic tools are used to organize and interpret information about people, places, and environment.
  • 7.1.3.B3
    Identify and locate places and regions as defined by physical and human features.
  • 7.2.3.A3
    Identify the physical characteristics of places and regions.
  • 7.2.3.B3
    Identify the basic physical processes that affect the physical characteristics of places and regions.
  • 7.3.3.A3
    Identify the human characteristics of places and regions using the following criteria:
    • Population
    • Culture
    • Settlement
    • Economic activities
    • Political activities
  • 7.4.3.A3
    Identify the effect of the physical systems on people within a community.
  • 7.4.3.B3
    Identify the effect of people on the physical systems within a community.
  • 8.1.3.A3
    Identify the difference between past, present and future using timelines and/or other graphic representations.
  • 8.1.3.B3
    Identify fact, opinion, multiple points of view, and primary sources as related to historical events.
  • 8.1.3.C3
    Conduct teacher guided inquiry on assigned topics using specified historical sources. (Reference RWSL Standard 1.8.3 Research)
  • 8.2.3.A3
    Identify the social, political, cultural, and economic contributions of individuals and groups from Pennsylvania.
  • 8.2.3.B3
    Identify historical documents, artifacts, and places critical to Pennsylvania history.
  • 8.2.3.C3
    Identify and describe how continuity and change have impacted Pennsylvania history.
    • Belief systems and religions
    • Commerce and industry
    • Technology
    • Politics and government
    • Physical and human geography
    • Social organizations
  • 8.2.3.D3
    Identify and describe how conflict and cooperation among groups and organizations have impacted the history and development of Pennsylvania.
    • Ethnicity and race
    • Working conditions
    • Immigration
    • Military conflict
    • Economic stability
  • 8.2.8.B3
    Identify historical documents, artifacts, and places critical to Pennsylvania history. Locate historical documents, artifacts, and places critical to Pennsylvania history.
  • 8.3.3.A3
    Identify and describe the social, political, cultural, and economic contributions of individuals and groups in United States history.
  • 8.3.3.B3
    Identify and describe historical documents, artifacts, and places critical to United States history.
  • 8.3.3.C3
    Demonstrate an understanding of how people in different times and places view the world.
  • 8.3.3.D3
    Identify and describe how conflict and cooperation among groups and organizations have impacted the history and development of the US.
    • Ethnicity and race
    • Working conditions
    • Immigration
    • Military conflict
    • Economic stability
  • 8.4.3.A3
    Identify the elements of culture and ethnicity.
  • 8.4.3.B3
    Examine the effects of selected artifacts, historical documents, and related sites on the world.
  • 8.4.3.C3
    Compare and contrast selected world cultures.
  • 8.4.3.D3
    Identify conflict and cooperation among groups and organizations from around the world.
  • 5.1.4.A4
    Examine school rules and consequences.
  • 5.1.4.B4
    Explain rules and laws for the classroom, school, community, and state.
  • 5.1.4.C4
    Explain the principles and ideals shaping local and state government.
    • Liberty/Freedom
    • Democracy
    • Justice
    • Equality
  • 5.1.4.D4
    Identify key ideas about government found in significant documents:
    • Declaration of Independence
    • United States Constitution
    • Bill of Rights
    • Pennsylvania Constitution.
  • 5.1.4.F4
    Identify state symbols, national symbols, and national holidays.
  • 5.2.4.A4
    Identify individual rights and needs and the rights and needs of others in the classroom, school, and community.
  • 5.2.4.B4
    Describe the sources of conflict and disagreement and different ways conflict can be resolved.
  • 5.2.4.C4
    Describe the roles of leadership and public service in school, community, state, and nation.
  • 5.2.4.D4
    Describe how citizens participate in school and community activities.
  • 5.3.4.A4
    Identify the roles of the three branches of government.
  • 5.3.4.B4
    Describe how the elected representative bodies function in making local and state laws.
  • 5.3.4.C4
    Identify the services performed by local and state governments.
  • 5.3.4.D4
    Identify positions of authority at the local and state, and national level.
  • 5.3.4.E4
    Explain the voting process.
  • 5.3.4.F4
    Explain how different perspectives can lead to conflict.
  • 5.3.4.G4
    Identify individual interests and explain ways to influence others.
  • 6.1.4.A4
    Identify scarcity of resources in a local community.
  • 6.1.4.B4
    Recognize the difference between basic needs and wants. Explain the role of producers in making goods and providing services.
  • 6.1.4.C4
    Illustrate what individuals or organizations give up when making a choice.
  • 6.1.4.D4
    Explain what influences the choices people make
  • 6.2.4.A4
    Explain how a product moves from production to consumption.
  • 6.2.4.B4
    Determine how sellers compete with one another.
  • 6.2.4.C4
    Differentiate between monetary and non-monetary incentives in advertising.
  • 6.2.4.D4
    Explain the role of buyers and sellers in determining prices of products.
  • 6.2.4.E4
    Explain why local businesses open and close.
  • 6.2.4.F4
    Describe the role of a private economic institution in the local community.
  • 6.2.4.G4
    Explain the three basic questions all economic systems must answer.
    • What to produce?
    • How?
    • For whom?
  • 6.3.4.A4
    Explain how government responds to social needs by providing public goods and services.
  • 6.3.4.B4
    Describe the impact of government involvement in state and national economic activities.
  • 6.3.4.C4
    Explore ways in which tax revenues are used in local community.
  • 6.4.4.A4
    List and explain factors that promote specialization and division of labor.
  • 6.4.4.B4
    Explain why nations trade.
  • 6.5.4.B4
    Identify the requirements for different careers and occupations.
  • 6.5.4.G4
    Compare different ways people save.
  • 6.5.4.H4
    Examine the basic operation of the banking system.
  • 7.1.4.A4
    Describe how common geographic tools are used to organize and interpret information about people, places, and environment.
  • 7.1.4.B4
    Describe and locate places and regions as defined by physical and human features.
  • 7.2.4.A4
    Identify the physical characteristics of places and regions.
  • 7.2.4.B4
    Identify the basic physical processes that affect the physical characteristics of places and regions.
  • 7.3.4.A4
    Identify the human characteristics of places and regions using the following criteria:
    • Population
    • Culture
    • Settlement
    • Economic activities
    • Political activities
  • 7.4.4.A4
    Identify the effect of the physical systems on people within a community.
  • 7.4.4.B4
    Identify the effect of people on the physical systems within a community.
  • 8.1.4.A4
    Identify and describe how geography and climate have influenced continuity and change over time.
  • 8.1.4.B4
    Distinguish between fact and opinion from multiple points of view, and primary sources as related to historical events.
  • 8.1.4.C4
    Identify a specific research topic and develop questions relating to the research topic.
  • 8.2.4.A4
    Differentiate common characteristics of the social, political, cultural, and economic groups from Pennsylvania.
  • 8.2.4.B4
    Locate historical documents, artifacts, and places critical to Pennsylvania history.
  • 8.2.4.C4
    Explain how continuity and change in Pennsylvania history have influenced personal development and identity.
    • Belief systems and religions
    • Commerce and industry
    • Technology
    • Politics and government
    • Physical and human geography
    • Social organizations
  • 8.2.4.D4
    Distinguish between conflict and cooperation among groups and organization that impacted the history and development of Pennsylvania
    • Ethnicity and race
    • Working conditions
    • Immigration
    • Military conflict
    • Economic stability
  • 8.3.4.A4
    Differentiate common characteristics of the social, political, cultural and economic groups in United States history.
  • 8.3.4.B4
    Locate historical documents, artifacts, and places critical to United States history.
  • 8.3.4.C4
    Explain how continuity and change in U.S. history have influenced personal development and identity.
    • Belief systems and religions
    • Commerce and industry
    • Technology
    • Politics and government
    • Physical and human geography
    • Social organizations
  • 8.3.4.D4
    Distinguish between conflict and cooperation among groups and organization that impacted the history and development of the United States.
    • Ethnicity and race
    • Working conditions
    • Immigration
    • Military conflict
    • Economic stability
  • 8.4.4.A4
    Differentiate common characteristics of the social, political, cultural, and economic groups in world history
  • 8.4.4.B4
    Locate historical documents, artifacts, and sites, which are critical to World history.
  • 8.4.4.C4
    Explain how continuity and change in world history have influenced personal development and identity.
    • Belief systems and religions
    • Commerce and industry
    • Technology
    • Politics and government
    • Physical and human geography
    • Social organizations
  • 8.4.4.D4
    Distinguish between conflict and cooperation among groups and organization that impacted development of the history of the world.
  • 5.1.5.A5
    Understand the rule of law in protecting property rights, individual rights and the common good.
  • 5.1.5.B5
    Describe the basic purposes of government in the classroom, school, community, state, and nation.
  • 5.1.5.C5
    Describe the principles and ideals shaping local state, and national government.
    • Liberty/Freedom
    • Democracy
    • Justice
    • Equality
  • 5.1.5.D5
    Interpret key ideas about government found in significant documents:
    • Declaration of Independence
    • United States Constitution
    • Bill of Rights
    • Pennsylvania Constitution
  • 5.1.5.E5
    Identify the individual rights guaranteed by the PA Constitution and the U.S. Constitution.
  • 5.1.5.F5
    Explain the significance of state symbols, national symbols, and national holidays.
  • 5.2.5.A5
    Identify individual rights and needs and the rights and needs of others in the classroom, school, community, state, and nation.
  • 5.2.5.B5
    Identify behaviors that promote cooperation among individuals.
  • 5.2.5.C5
    Explain why individuals become involved in leadership and public service.
  • 5.2.5.D5
    Identify specific ways individuals participate in school and community activities.
  • 5.3.5.A5
    Describe the responsibilities and powers of the three branches of government.
  • 5.3.5.B5
    Describe how the elected representative bodies function in making local, state, and national laws.
  • 5.3.5.C5
    Describe the role of local and state government officials.
  • 5.3.5.D5
    Describe the primary duties of elected local, state, and national positions.
  • 5.3.5.E5
    Identify the requirements to vote in local, state, and national elections.
  • 5.3.5.F5
    Examine different ways conflicts can be resolved.
  • 5.3.5.G5
    Describe how groups try to influence others.
  • 5.3.5.H5
    Identify various sources of mass media.
  • 5.4.5.B5
    Describe the difference between nation and country.
  • 6.1.5.A5
    Explain how limited resources and unlimited wants cause scarcity.
  • 6.1.5.B5
    Explain ways in which people meet their basic needs and wants. Demonstrate the use of human and capital resources in the production of a specific good.
  • 6.1.5.C5
    Explain how people's choices have different economic consequences.
  • 6.1.5.D5
    Demonstrate how availability of resources affects choices.
  • 6.2.5.A5
    Describe how goods and services are distributed.
  • 6.2.5.B5
    Identify how pricing influences sellers and consumers.
  • 6.2.5.C5
    Explain how advertising causes people to change their behavior in predictable ways.
  • 6.2.5.D5
    Identify factors that cause changes in price.
  • 6.2.5.E5
    Describe the impact of businesses opening and closing on Pennsylvania economy.
  • 6.2.5.F5
    Compare and contrast types of private economic institutions.
  • 6.2.5.G5
    Describe various economic systems.
    • Traditional
    • Market
    • Command
  • 6.3.5.A5
    Describe the cost and benefits of government economic programs.
  • 6.3.5.B5
    Describe factors that influence government's economic decision making.
  • 6.3.5.C5
    Explore ways in which tax revenue is collected.
  • 6.4.5.A5
    Explain why people specialize in the production of goods and services and divide labor.
  • 6.4.5.B5
    Explain the growth in international trade.
  • 6.4.5.C5
    Explain how and where multinational corporations operate.
  • 6.4.5.D5
    Identify various economic and non-economic organizations that contribute to interaction among individuals and nations.
  • 6.5.5.A5
    Describe how the availability of goods and services is made possible by the work of members of the society.
  • 6.5.5.B5
    Differentiate the requirements for different careers and occupations.
  • 6.5.5.D5
    Explain how positive and negative incentives affect individual choices.
  • 6.5.5.E5
    Identify tangible and intangible assets.
  • 6.5.5.F5
    Define entrepreneurship and its role in the local community.
  • 6.5.5.G5
    Identify the costs and benefits of saving.
  • 6.5.5.H5
    Identify the costs and benefits of borrowing.
  • 7.1.5.A5
    Describe how common geographic tools are used to organize and interpret information about people, places, and environment.
  • 7.1.5.B5
    Describe and locate places and regions as defined by physical and human features.
  • 7.2.5.A5
    Describe the characteristics of places and regions.
  • 7.2.5.B5
    Identify the basic physical processes that affect the physical characteristics of places and regions.
  • 7.3.5.A5
    Identify the human characteristics of places and regions using the following criteria:
    • Population
    • Culture
    • Settlement
    • Economic activities • Political activities
  • 7.4.5.A5
    Describe and explain the effects of the physical systems on people within regions.
  • 7.4.5.B5
    Identify the effect of people on the physical systems within a community.
  • 8.1.5.A5
    Identify and explain the influences of economic features on continuity and change over time.
  • 8.1.5.B5
    Classify and analyze fact and opinion from multiple points of view, and secondary sources as related to historical events.
  • 8.1.5.C5
    Locate primary and secondary sources for the research topic and summarize in writing the findings.
  • 8.2.5.A5
    Compare and contrast common characteristics of the social, political, cultural, and economic groups from Pennsylvania.
  • 8.2.5.B5
    Illustrate concepts and knowledge of historical documents, artifacts, and places critical to Pennsylvania history.
  • 8.2.5.C5
    Differentiate how continuity and change in Pennsylvania history are formed and operate.
    • Belief systems and religions
    • Commerce and industry
    • Technology
    • Politics and government
    • Physical and human geography
    • Social organizations
  • 8.2.5.D5
    Examine patterns of conflict and cooperation among groups and organizations that impacted the history and development of Pennsylvania for responding to individual and community needs.
    • Ethnicity and race
    • Working conditions
    • Immigration
    • Military conflict
    • Economic stability
  • 8.3.5.A5
    Compare and contrast common characteristics of the social, political, cultural and economic groups in United States history.
  • 8.3.5.B5
    Illustrate concepts and knowledge of historical documents, artifacts, and places critical to United States history.
  • 8.3.5.C5
    Differentiate how continuity and change in U.S. history are formed and operate.
    • Belief systems and religions
    • Commerce and industry
    • Technology
    • Politics and government
    • Physical and human geography
    • Social organizations
  • 8.3.5.D5
    Examine patterns of conflict and cooperation among groups and organizations that impacted the history and development of the United States.
    • Ethnicity and race
    • Working conditions
    • Immigration
    • Military conflict
    • Economic stability
  • 8.4.5.A5
    Compare and contrast common characteristics of the social, political, cultural, and economic groups in world history.
  • 8.4.5.B5
    Illustrate concepts and knowledge of historical documents, artifacts, and sites, which are critical to World history.
  • 5.1.6.A6
    Explain the effect of the rule of law in protecting property rights, individual rights, and the common good.
  • 5.1.6.B6
    Compare and contrast a direct democracy with a republican form of government.
  • 5.1.6.C6
    Explain how the principles and ideals shape local, state, and national government.
    • Liberty/Freedom
    • Democracy
    • Justice
    • Equality
  • 5.1.6.D6
    Explain the basic principles and ideals within documents and the roles played by the framers as found in significant documents:
    • Declaration of Independence
    • United States Constitution
    • Bill of Rights
    • Pennsylvania Constitution
  • 5.1.6.E6
    Summarize individual rights guaranteed by the PA Constitution and the U.S. Constitution.
  • 5.1.6.F6
    Describe how citizens and leaders use political symbols.
  • 5.2.6.A6
    Compare and contrast rights and responsibilites of citizenship in the community, state, and nation.
  • 5.2.6.B6
    Explain how citizens resolve conflicts in society and government.
  • 5.2.6.C6
    Describe the importance of political leadership and public service.
  • 5.2.6.D6
    Explain why participation in government and civic life is important.
  • 5.3.6.A6
    Describe the responsibilities and powers of the three branches of government.
  • 5.3.6.B6
    Define and compare the role and structure of local, state, and national governments.
  • 5.3.6.C6
    Describe how local, state, and national governments provide services.
  • 5.3.6.D6
    Identify leadership positions and their primary duties at the local, state, and national levels.
  • 5.3.6.E6
    Describe the voting process, including registration, primaries, and general elections.
  • 5.3.6.F6
    Explain how courts resolve conflicts.
  • 5.3.6.G6
    Identify individual interest groups and how they impact government.
  • 5.3.6.I6
    Explain what taxes are and why they are necessary.
  • 5.4.6.A6
    Identify how countries have varying interests.
  • 5.4.6.B6
    Explain the difference between allies and adversaries.
  • 6.1.6.A6
    Explain how limited resources and unlimited wants cause scarcity.
  • 6.1.6.B6
    Compare ways that people meet their needs with how they meet their wants. Describe how resources are combined to produce different goods and services.
  • 6.1.6.C6
    Define opportunity cost and describe the opportunity cost of personal choice.
  • 6.1.6.D6
    Identify incentives that affect personal choices.
  • 6.2.6.A6
    Describe the interaction of consumers and producers of goods and services in the state and national economy.
  • 6.2.6.B6
    Explain why and how market competition takes place.
  • 6.2.6.C6
    Explain how advertising influences economic decisions.
  • 6.2.6.D6
    Describe how prices influence both buyers and sellers and explain why prices may vary for similar products.
  • 6.2.6.E6
    Explain the causes and effects of expansion and contraction of businesses.
  • 6.2.6.F6
    Explain the influence of private economic institutions on the local and state economy.
  • 6.2.6.G6
    Examine how various economic systems address the three basic questions.
    • What to produce?
    • How?
    • For whom?
  • 6.3.6.A6
    Examine government's role in providing public goods and services.
  • 6.3.6.B6
    Describe the impact of government involvement in state and national economic activities.
  • 6.3.6.C6
    Explain the cost and benefits of taxation.
  • 6.3.6.D6
    Explain the benefits of international trade.
  • 6.4.6.A6
    Explain why people specialize in the production of goods and services and divide labor.
  • 6.4.6.B6
    Explain how trade affects standards of living.
  • 6.4.6.C6
    Explain how multinational corporations contribute to economic interdependence.
  • 6.4.6.D6
    Explain how transportation, communication networks, and technology contribute to economic interdependence.
  • 6.5.6.A6
    Describe how the availability of goods and services is made possible by the work of members of the society.
  • 6.5.6.B6
    Explain the concept of labor productivity.
  • 6.5.6.D6
    Explain how profits and losses serve as incentives.
  • 6.5.6.E6
    Describe how people accumulate tangible and intangible assets.
  • 6.5.6.F6
    Explain the role of the entrepreneur in Pennsylvania.
  • 6.5.6.G6
    Identify the costs and benefits of saving.
  • 6.5.6.H6
    Explain the differences between interest rates for saving and borrowing.
  • 7.1.6.A6
    Describe how common geographic tools are used to organize and interpret information about people, places, and environment.
  • 7.1.6.B6
    Describe and locate places and regions as defined by physical and human features.
  • 7.2.6.A6
    Describe the characteristics of places and regions.
  • 7.2.6.B6
    Describe the physical processes that shape patterns on Earth's surface.
  • 7.3.6.A6
    Describe the human characteristics of places and regions using the following criteria:
    • Population
    • Culture
    • Settlement
    • Economic activities
    • Political activities
  • 7.4.6.A6
    Describe and explain the effects of the physical systems on people within regions.
  • 7.4.6.B6
    Describe and explain the effects of people on the physical systems within regions.
  • 8.1.6.A6
    Explain continuity and change over time using sequential order and context of events.
  • 8.1.6.B6
    Differentiate between fact and opinion, multiple points of view, and primary and secondary sources to explain historical events.
  • 8.1.6.C6
    Identify a thesis statement using appropriate primary and secondary sources.
  • 8.2.6.A6
    Explain the social, political, cultural, and economic contributions of individuals and groups from Pennsylvania.
  • 8.2.6.B6
    Describe the importance of significant historical documents, artifacts, and places critical to Pennsylvania history.
  • 8.2.6.C6
    Explain how continuity and change have impacted Pennsylvania history.
    • Belief systems and religions
    • Commerce and industry
    • Technology
    • Politics and government
    • Physical and human geography
    • Social organizations
  • 8.2.6.D6
    Explain how conflict and cooperation among groups and organizations have impacted the history and development of Pennsylvania.
    • Ethnicity and race
    • Working conditions
    • Immigration
    • Military conflict
    • Economic stability
  • 8.3.6.A6
    Explain the social, political, cultural, and economic contributions of individuals and groups to United States history.
  • 8.3.6.B6
    Explain the importance of significant historical documents, artifacts, and places critical to United States history.
  • 8.3.6.C6
    Explain how continuity and change have impacted U.S. history.
    • Belief systems and religions
    • Commerce and industry
    • Technology
    • Politics and government
    • Physical and human geography
    • Social organizations
  • 8.3.6.D6
    Explain how conflict and cooperation among groups and organizations have impacted the history and development of the U.S.
    • Ethnicity and race
    • Working conditions
    • Immigration
    • Military conflict
    • Economic stability
  • 8.4.6.A6
    Explain the social, political, cultural, and economic contributions of individuals and groups to world history.
  • 8.4.6.B6
    Identify and explain the importance of historical documents, artifacts, and sites which are critical to world history.
  • 8.4.6.C6
    Explain how continuity and change have impacted world history.
    • Belief systems and religions
    • Commerce and industry
    • Technology
    • Politics and government
    • Physical and human geography • Social organizations
  • 8.4.6.D6
    Examine patterns of conflict and cooperation among groups and organizations that impacted the development of the history of the world.

Pennsylvania’s other subjects